Orhangazi yöresi kivi bahçelerinin beslenme durumlarının toprak yaprak ve meyve analizleri ile belirlenmesi
Date
2019
Authors
Batmaz, Oğuz
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışma Bursa ili Orhangazi ilçesinde yoğun kivi (Actinidia deliciosa) Hayward yetiştiriciliği yapılan toprakların verimlilik durumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma amacı doğrultusunda Orhangazi ilçesinde farklı lokasyonlarda yer alan yedi bahçenin 0-30 cm derinliğinden toprak örnekleri yanı sıra bitkilerden yaprak ve meyve örnekleri alınarak besin elementi analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan yaprak, meyve ve toprak analiz sonuçları referans değerlerle karşılaştırılmış ve bitkilerin beslenme durumları ortaya konularak bahçelerin beslenme ile ilgili sorunları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, kivi yetiştiriciliği yapılan toprakların genel olarak orta bünyeye, hafif alkali pH'ya (7,59-8,29 1:2,5 w/v), düşük tuz (124,00-674,00 µS cm-1), az kireç (% 0,92-1,85 CaCO3) ve yetersiz organik maddeye (% 1,03-2,07) sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Topraklar arasında besin elementlerinin yetersiz, sınırlar içinde ve fazla olduğu alanlar tespit edilmiştir. Toprakta azot % 0,06-0,15, fosfor 14,87-82,56 mg kg-1, potasyum 36,00-216,00 mg kg-1, kalsiyum 1639,0-7546 mg kg-1, magnezyum ise 120,23-1851,9 mg kg-1 arasında belirlenmiştir. Bitkilerin azot, fosfor, potasyum, magnezyum ve mikro element içerikleri sınır değerlerin altında ve sınıra yakın bulunurken, kalsiyum içerikleri sınırın üzerinde belirlenmiştir. Bitkide azot (% 1,82-2,99), fosfor (0,05-0,16 mg kg-1), potasyum (0,79-2,81 mg kg-1), kalsiyum (2,86-5,17 mg kg-1), magnezyum (0,12-0,39 mg kg-1) arasında belirlenmiştir. Bitki ve toprak özellikleri yanı sıra elementler arasındaki interaksiyonlar, yaprak ve meyvedeki besin elementi konsantrasyonlarında farklılığa neden olmuştur. Yapılan çalışmanın sonuçlarından yöredeki üreticilerin toprak ve bitki analizine dayalı olmayan bir gübreleme programı izlediği, organik gübre kullanımlarının yetersiz olduğu ve kivi üretiminin de bilinçsiz olarak yapıldığı görülmüştür. Bilinçsiz üretimin devam etmesi durumunda yörede daha önceleri yetiştirilen diğer ürünlerde yaşanan sorunların yakın zamanda kivi üretimi yapılan alanlarda da görülebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
This study was conducted to determine the fertility status of the soils of kiwi orchards (Actinidia deliciosa) Hayward in Orhangazi district of Bursa province. Soil samples from 0-30 cm depth, as well as leaf and fruit samples were taken from the seven gardens located in different locations in Orhangazi district, and nutrient analyses were performed. The results were compared with reference values to determine the nutritional problems of plants. Soils have a slightly alkaline pH (7,59-8,29 1:2,5 w/v), low salt (124,00-674,00 µS cm-1), low lime (0,92-1,85 % CaCO3) and insufficient organic matter (1,03-2,07 %). Among the analysed soils, the areas was determined where the nutrients in inadequate, within limits and in excess amounts. Soil nitro genis determined between 0,06-0,15 %. Phosphorusis determined between 14,87-82,56 mg kg-1. Potassium, calciumand magnesium amounts are determined between 36,00-216,00 mg kg-1, 1639,0-7546 mg kg-1, 120,23-1851,9 mg kg-1 respectively. While the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and micro element contents of the plants were determined below and near the limit values however, their calcium content was found above the limit. Plants'nitrogen (1,82-2,99 %), phosphorus (0,05-0,16 mg kg-1), potassium (0,79-2,81 mg kg-1), calcium (2,86-5,17 mg kg-1), magnesium (0,12-0,39 mg kg-1) amounts are determined respectively. Plant and soil properties as well as interactions between the elements caused differences in nutrient concentrations in leaves and fruits. It was observed that the producers in the region followed a fertilization program that is not based on soil and plant analysis, the use of organic fertilizers was insufficient and the kiwi production was made unconsciously. If unconscious production continues, it is concluded that the problems experienced in the other crops previously grownin the region can also be seen in the near future in the areas where kiwi fruit production is made.
This study was conducted to determine the fertility status of the soils of kiwi orchards (Actinidia deliciosa) Hayward in Orhangazi district of Bursa province. Soil samples from 0-30 cm depth, as well as leaf and fruit samples were taken from the seven gardens located in different locations in Orhangazi district, and nutrient analyses were performed. The results were compared with reference values to determine the nutritional problems of plants. Soils have a slightly alkaline pH (7,59-8,29 1:2,5 w/v), low salt (124,00-674,00 µS cm-1), low lime (0,92-1,85 % CaCO3) and insufficient organic matter (1,03-2,07 %). Among the analysed soils, the areas was determined where the nutrients in inadequate, within limits and in excess amounts. Soil nitro genis determined between 0,06-0,15 %. Phosphorusis determined between 14,87-82,56 mg kg-1. Potassium, calciumand magnesium amounts are determined between 36,00-216,00 mg kg-1, 1639,0-7546 mg kg-1, 120,23-1851,9 mg kg-1 respectively. While the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and micro element contents of the plants were determined below and near the limit values however, their calcium content was found above the limit. Plants'nitrogen (1,82-2,99 %), phosphorus (0,05-0,16 mg kg-1), potassium (0,79-2,81 mg kg-1), calcium (2,86-5,17 mg kg-1), magnesium (0,12-0,39 mg kg-1) amounts are determined respectively. Plant and soil properties as well as interactions between the elements caused differences in nutrient concentrations in leaves and fruits. It was observed that the producers in the region followed a fertilization program that is not based on soil and plant analysis, the use of organic fertilizers was insufficient and the kiwi production was made unconsciously. If unconscious production continues, it is concluded that the problems experienced in the other crops previously grownin the region can also be seen in the near future in the areas where kiwi fruit production is made.
Description
Keywords
Kivi, Besin elementleri, İnteraksiyon, Verim, Kiwi, Nutrient elements, Interaction, Yield
Citation
Batmaz, O. (2019). Orhangazi yöresi kivi bahçelerinin beslenme durumlarının toprak yaprak ve meyve analizleri ile belirlenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.