Başlangıcından günümüze İslam dünyasında peygamber imajı
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Date
2008
Authors
Oruçoğlu, İlhami
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Batı Avrupa’da gelişerek tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan modern Batı medeniyeti hümanist dünya görüşü ekseninde insanı kainatın merkezine yerleştirmiştir. Artık tüm açıklamalar insana göre, insan için ve insanî sınırlar içerisinde yapılmaktadır. Bu açıdan klasik veya geleneksel diyebileceğimiz geçmiş dönemden büyük bir kopuş gerçekleştirmiştir. Klasik dönemde dinle barışık bir kainat telakkisine sahip olan insanlar dinin ve dini kaynakların kendilerine sunduğu verileri kabullenmekte zorlanmamışlardır. Modern dönemde ise dini ve dinî olanı tüm bilme faaliyetlerinin hatta hayatın dışında tutan bir dünya görüşü çerçevesinde dini verileri rasyonel olduğu ölçüde kabule meyilli bir insan tipi ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu gelişmenin sonuçları hayatın her alanında gözlemlenmektedir. İslam Tarihi açısından da modern bakış açısının getirdiği bir takım farklılıklar vardır. Siyer eserlerimizdeki klasik peygamber tasavvuru da modern dönemlerde oldukça farklılaşmıştır. Kaynaklara bakış, kullanılan metodoloji ve muhteva açısından bu değişimler görülebilmektedir. Rasyonel bakış açısına göre kaynaklar tam olarak güvenilemez, yanlış ve uydurma rivayetler içeren eserler olarak değerlendirilirken, kaynaklar ve onların ortaya koyduğu olayların tarihsel eleştirel metodla incelenmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaya başlamıştır. Bunun sonucunda peygamberin hayatına dair rivayetlerden rasyonel izahı mümkün olmayan unsurlar zayıf ve uydurma olarak kabul edilerek ayıklanmaya yoluna gidilmiştir. Böylece peygamber bütün olağanüstülüklerden uzak sıradan bir beşer olarak tasvir edilirken, onun tebliğ mücadelesi de tarihi, sosyal, ekonomik, etnik nedenlere göre izah edilmeye başlanmıştır.
Modern Western civilisation, which was emerged in the western Europe and has influenced the whole world, becouse of its humanistic and anthropocentric nature, has placed the human at the centre of the universe. Now all explanations are made for and according to human. By doing this, it broke off with past times which we can call classical or traditional. In traditional times, people who have a worldview at peace with the religion did not have any difficulty to accept what religion and religious sources offered them. In modern times, as a result of the modern worldview which excludes from the life religion and all religious elements, there was emerged a new type who accept religion and religious data as far as they are rational. Effects of this change are observable at every aspects of life. In terms of Islamic History, there are some differences resulted from modern worldview. Traditional image and perception of the Prophet in the Sîrah (biography of the Prophet Muhammad) sources is fairly changed. These changes are discernible in many aspects such as source criticism, methodology and content. According to rational point of view sources of Sîrah are unreliable and there are many false and fabricated accounts in them. So that the sources and their content should be criticized in the light of historical critical method. As a result some elements from the life of the Prophet Muhammad which are not rationally explicable are omitted or criticized on the ground that they are false or fabricated. Therefore, on one hand the Prophet was presented as a simple human faraway from any supernatural events, on the other hand his life and teachings are explained with the historical, social, economic and ethnic reasons.
Modern Western civilisation, which was emerged in the western Europe and has influenced the whole world, becouse of its humanistic and anthropocentric nature, has placed the human at the centre of the universe. Now all explanations are made for and according to human. By doing this, it broke off with past times which we can call classical or traditional. In traditional times, people who have a worldview at peace with the religion did not have any difficulty to accept what religion and religious sources offered them. In modern times, as a result of the modern worldview which excludes from the life religion and all religious elements, there was emerged a new type who accept religion and religious data as far as they are rational. Effects of this change are observable at every aspects of life. In terms of Islamic History, there are some differences resulted from modern worldview. Traditional image and perception of the Prophet in the Sîrah (biography of the Prophet Muhammad) sources is fairly changed. These changes are discernible in many aspects such as source criticism, methodology and content. According to rational point of view sources of Sîrah are unreliable and there are many false and fabricated accounts in them. So that the sources and their content should be criticized in the light of historical critical method. As a result some elements from the life of the Prophet Muhammad which are not rationally explicable are omitted or criticized on the ground that they are false or fabricated. Therefore, on one hand the Prophet was presented as a simple human faraway from any supernatural events, on the other hand his life and teachings are explained with the historical, social, economic and ethnic reasons.
Description
Keywords
Muhammed, Peygamber, İmaj, İslam dünyası, Siyer, Klasik, Modern, Tasavvur, Muhammad, Prophet, Image, Islamic world, Sirah, Classic, Perception
Citation
Oruçoğlu, İ. (2008). Başlangıcından günümüze İslam dünyasında peygamber imajı. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.