Scorpion Stings

Abstract

Scorpion sting is a life-threatening and endemic toxicological emergency. This review aims to discuss the important species in terms of human poisoning among the known scorpion species and present the diagnosis and treatment of poisonings caused by these scorpions. Scorpion poisoning can cause multiorgan failure, neurotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity in affected individuals. There is no specific test for diagnosis, but history and epidemiological information help to diagnose. Its treatment consists of early recognition of the sting, application of the specific antivenom, and cardiorespiratory and systemic support. Management is determined by the degree of poisoning. The bite areas of patients with scorpion stings should be cleaned, and tetanus prophylaxis should be provided when necessary. Symptomatic treatment aims to relieve pain using standard analgesics and antiinflammatory drugs. While adults may appear to be poisoned more often, children are more likely to develop serious illnesses that require intensive supportive care. The effectiveness of the antivenom has not been convincingly proven. Recommendations for using scorpionspecific antidotes vary with specific scorpion species. The dose of antivenom depends on the type of scorpion, the estimated amount of venom entering the body, and the severity of the poisoning. Clinicians should follow the guidelines of their local experts and the manufacturer’s instructions when determining the antivenom dose. Scorpions often hide among stones, on roofs, or in clothing. Keeping the house’s surroundings clean; It is recommended to disinfect the places where scorpions settle periodically and not to walk barefoot, especially at night, to prevent scorpion poisoning.