Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences

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Allergenic fungal spore concentrations in the atmosphere of Bursa, Turkey
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007) Ataygül, Elif; Celenk, Sevcan; Canıtez, Yakup; Bıcakcı, Adem; Malyer, Hulusi; Sapan, Nihat; Tıp Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
The daily distribution of allergic fungal spores for Bursa during 1999 was established using a 7-day volumetric Lanzoni trap. Ten of the important allergic fungal spores (Cladosporium sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp. / Penicillum sp., Fusarium sp., Epicoccum sp., Drechslera sp., Pithomyces sp., Stemphylium sp., Chaetomium sp. and Curvularia sp.) were identified. The dominant spore types detected were Cladosporium 88.11%, Alternaria 4.99%, Aspergillus / Penicillum 4.65%., Fusarium 0.84%, Epicoccum 0.62%, Drechslera 0.24%, Pithomyces 0.15%, Stemphylium 0.14%, Chaetomium 0.13% and Curvularia 0.13%. Spore levels of Cladosporium, Alternaria and Aspergillus / Penicillum peaked throughout the year. Fusarium April- June, Epicoccum June-August, Dreschlera July, September, Pithomycetes March, June and August, Stemphylium June-July, Chatemium May, July, Curvularia peaked July. In conclusion, a range of allergenic fungal spores were present in the air of Bursa throughout the year.
Analysis by scanning electron microscopy of polyethylene terephthalate and nylon biodegradation abilities of Bacillus sp. strains isolated from soil
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2020-12-07) Demirkan, Elif; Güler, Baran Enes; Sevgi, Tuba; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
Plastic pollution, the aggregation of synthetic plastic products in the environment generates serious problems for wildlife, habitats and the human population. Plastic accumulates at ocean, creating areas called the seventh continent, a mass of plastic garbage. Plastic wastes are disposed of by recycling, burying and incineration. However, these also have disadvantages. They are developing bioplastics as new solutions to plastic problems. Other alternative solutions may be microorganisms. Compared to other conventional technologies, it is extremely inexpensive and efficient in terms of cost and simplicity because it is based on the capabilities of microorganisms. In this study, we have reported the degradation abilities of B. subtilis and B. cereus strains on polyethylene terephthalate (PET, water bottle) and nylon (plastic bag). In the nylon medium with Bacillus subtilis ET18 and Bacillus cereus ET30 was observed red pigment formation. All bacteria showed biofilm formation in the presence of nylon. The surface morphology changes of the PET and nylon were determined by light microscope and SEM. The bacteria used in this study were found to biodegrade nylon more easily than PET. The activities of lipase, protease and α-amylase were determined. Among the enzymes, lipase was detected in the presence of both PET and nylon.
Changes of photosynthetic pigment content in lichens collected from urban and rural localities in Bursa province
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-06-21) Akyiğit, Feyza; Demir, Mesut; Öztürk, Şule; Oran, Seyhan; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
In this study, contents of photosynthetic pigment in foliose Melanelixia subaurifera, Parmelia sulcata and fruticose Evernia prunastri, Ramalina farinacea were compared. Lichen species were collected from five localities in Bursa. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophlly, total carotenoid contents (mg/g), chlorophyll a/b ratio, total carotenoid/total chlorophyll ratio and phaeophytinization (OD435/OD415) ratio in the lichen extracts were differently determined between localities. These changes were found statistically significant (p≤0.05). The chlorophyll degradation rate at the localities in urban environments is determined to be higher than in the natural environment. It was observed that the air quality exposure ratio was related to the lichen morphology and thus the fruticose lichen species were more sensitive than foliose.
The check-list and chorology of the linum L. (linaceae) taxa in the flora of Turkey
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Yılmaz, Özer; Kaynak, Gönül; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
A check-list of the genus Linum L. in the Flora of Turkey is presented with 51 taxa, of which 22 are endemic to Turkey. Taxonomical changes that have occurred since the recent publications are included. The chorology of taxa are given in dotted squares of the map of Turkey.
Chorological and ecological investigations on cheilanthoid ferns in Turkey
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Kaynak, Gönül; Tarımcılar, Gül; Daşkın, Ruziye; Yılmaz, Özer; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
In this study, the determined localities of taxa belonging to the Cheilanthoid ferns in Turkey collected by us have been indicated on the map. In addition, ecological properties of these ferns have been established, based on rock and soil samples collected in the area, as well as investigation of the growth environment.
Cladosporium Link ex Fr. and Alternaria Nees ex Fr. spores in the atmosphere of Edirne
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-12-01) Aybeke, Mehmet; Çelenk, Sevcan; Bıçakcı, Adem; Erkan, Perihan; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
In this study which was carried out during the years 2000-2001, was aimed to identify the amount of spores of Cladosporium Link ex Fr. and Alternaria Nees ex Fr. in the atmosphere of Edirne city. This study was carried out according to the gravimetric method. Before exposure of the atmospheric particles, the slides smeared with glycerine jelly stained with basic fuchsine and were changed weekly. The number of spores was expressed as spores per square centimeter of microscope cover glass. Spores of Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. were recorded throughout the year in the atmosphere of Edirne. During the two years observations, a total 6318 spores/cm2 belonging to Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. were identified. In total 1223 spores/cm2 belonged to Alternaria spp. and 5095 spores/cm2 belonged to Cladosporium spp.. Maximum spores were encountered in July.
Comparison of hydrolysis abilities onto soluble and commercial raw starches of ımmobilized and free b. amyloliquefaciens α-amylase
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2010) Dincbas, Serhan; Demirkan, Elif; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
Immobilized Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase in calcium alginate beads was used for the effective hydrolysis by using various amounts of soluble potato and various commercial raw starches (potato, maize, wheat, rice), and compared with those of free enzyme. The highest activity was obtained in the presence of commercial raw potato of 4% w/v with immobilized amylase (9740 IU/ml). Immobilized enzyme showed better thermal stability than free enzyme at high temperature. TLC analysis of starches hydrolysis products after 1 h incubation showed the formation of glucose by free amylase and maltose by immobilized amylase
Comparison of photosynthetic pigment contents in lichen samples were collected from different localities in Bursa
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2017-09-10) Karakaş, Vesile Ebru; Öztürk, Şule; Oran, Seyhan; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
In this study, contents of photosynthetic pigment in foliose Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. and fruticose Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf were compared. Lichen species were collected from five localities at Osmangazi and İznik districts in Bursa. Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total carotenoid contents (mg/g), chlorophyll-a/chlorophyll-b ratio, total carotenoid/total chlorophyll ratio and OD435/OD415 ratio in the lichen extracts were differently determined between localities. These changes were found statistically significant (p<0.001). The highest chlorophyll-a contents were measured in Osmangazi-Soğukpınar (2.79±0.17 m/g), İznik-İhsaniye (2.37±0.24 mg/g), the lowest contents of chlorophyll-a were measured in İznik-Sağırhisar (2.02±0.21 mg/g), İznik-Nüzhetiye (2.22±0.19 mg/g). These results have been observed that Soğukpınar and İhsaniye localities were less affected by anthropogenic effects due to their presence in the rural areas. Whereas, the localities of Sağırhisar and Nüzhetiye were affected by agricultural activities. Only, the difference between total carotenoids/total chlorophyll ratio was not statistically significant. In addition, it has been found between the lichen species. The changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments of Pseudevernia furfuracea were much more than Hypogymnia physodes. These results showed that negative atmospheric conditions are more effective at fruticose lichens than at foliose lichens.
The crab spiders (Araneae, Thomisidae) of Uludağ Mountain
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Yılmaz, Zeyhan; Uğurtaş, İsmail Hakkı; Kaya, Rahşen S.; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
The crab spiders, Family Thomisidae, were collected between the years of 2006-2008 from the Uludağ Mountain, North-West Turkey. A total of 72 adult specimens belong to Thomisidae family were examined and identified. The Thomisidae family was represented by 15 species in 8 genera. Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775) and Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805 were the most dominant species among collected thomisids.
Cutaneous lesions associated with reo-like virus in a green lizard (lacerta viridis laurentı 1768)
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Dorrestein, Gerry M.; Uğurtaş, İsmail Hakkı; Özyiğit, Musa Özgür; Akkoç, Ahmet; Akkaya, Abdulmüttalip; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
In this case, a green lizard (Lacerta viridis LAURENTI 1768) caught in Uludag, Bursa, north-western Turkey, was diagnosed as reovirus by electron microscopy. In the macroscopical examination, wart-like growths were seen on the dorsum of the animal on the skin between the forearms and on the back close to the pelvic region. In the microscopical examination of hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, hyperkeratosis, ballooning degeneration and eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm were observed. There was no positive reaction for papillomavirus in immunohistochemistry. Electron microscopic study of these growths revealed the presence of viral particles belonging, from the morphological aspect, to the family Reoviridae.
Evaluation of clastogenicity of 4, 6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) in allium root tip test
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2008) Aydemir, Nilüfer; Çelikler, Serap; Summak, Şenay; Yılmaz, Dilek; Özer, Özlem; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
4, 6-Dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) is a pesticide, fungicide and insecticide, used in agriculture. In this research the genotoxic effect of DNOC on the root tips of Allium cepa L. was determined. The correlations between the effects of different concentrations, exposure times on the mitotic index (MI) and induction of chromosomal aberrations (CA) were also examined. Experiments were carried out in duplicate, using aqueous solutions of DNOC to concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm, at intervals of 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The results revealed an inhibition of the MI at the highest concentration and experiment times; this is an evidence of cytotoxicity of DNOC. Large number of c-mitosis indicated that DNOC acts as a strong spindle inhibitor, whereas, other CA types such as, breaks, bridges etc. were found in all tested concentration and times (p < 0.001) showing that is a potent clastogen.
A faunistic study on spiders (Araneae) of Terzioğlu Island (Uluabat Lake, Bursa)
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-04-01) Kaya, Rahşen S.; Uğurtaş, İsmail Hakkı; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
Terzioğlu Island of Uluabat Lake (Bursa), west part of Turkey, was surveyed for Araneae between September 2003 and July 2005. This work represents the most recent spider faunal survey of Terzioğlu Island. Spiders of 35 species belonging to 33 genera and 16 families were collected. The Palearctic species are dominant in the island. Glyptogona sextuberculata (Keyserling, 1863) of family Araneidae and Cyrba algerina (Lucas, 1846) of family Salticidae are new records to the Turkish araneofauna.
A forensic entomological study in Uludag University campus, Bursa, Turkey
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-04-15) Erdoğan, Ezgi Ecem; Çinkılıç, Nilüfer; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
In this study, we investigated for the first time the succession of forensic entomofauna attracted to fresh calf meat tissue during the June to September 4 month period in 2018 in Bursa /Turkey. Calf muscular tissue was selected in order to perform a forensic entomological examination in a small wooded area in the Uludağ University Campus of Bursa province. The reason for this choice is that the deterioration in the decomposition stages compared to the internal organs and other tissues, the muscle tissue is less intensive and the exposure to bacterial fungi is less. In addition, we preferred calf muscle tissue due to its structural similarity to a human. During the examination period, we found several forensic insects, Dermestes undulatus, Halyomorpha halys, Oniscus asellus, Lucilia sericata, Calliphora vicina, Wohlfahrtia magnifica, Hermetia illucens, Blatta sp were attracted to the calf meat both in the underground and in air cages hanging on a tree. Drosophila sp. and Psychodinae sp. were recorded as an incidental species. This study indicates that in this region of Bursa, Diptera, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera are the most frequent insect orders useful for estimating forensic cases.
A geometric description of the peritechia of the Pseudonectria rousseliana (Mont.) Wollenw
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2009) Hüseyin, Elşad; Öztürk, Günay; Arslan, Kadri; Akgül, Hasan; Ergül, Cem; Bulca, Betül; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
In this study, a geometric and experimental analysis of the peritechia of Pseudonectria rousseliana (Mont.) Wollen was presented. Experimentally, longitudinal length (A) and the body ( CD ) of peritechia were measured. Geometrically, it was shown that the peritechia is comparable with a surface of revolution of a profile curve. On the same regions of the modelled surface the diameters of the horizontal sections was measured. It was found that the geometric and the experimental values were closely related.
Lichen records from Southeast and East Anatolian region (Turkey)
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-04-01) Oran, Seyhan; Öztürk, Şule; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
In this study, 278 lichen specimens, collected from sixteen localities in Adıyaman, Ağrı, Batman, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Kars, Mardin and Şanlıurfa provinces, which located in Southeast and East Anatolian regions, were investigated. Onehundered and nine taxa were determined belonging to thirty six genera. Among the specimens that we are collected from the study region, 85 of them were reported previously. Our results indicated that 24 taxa are new to Southeast and East Anatolian region. Rinodina rinodinoides (Anzi) H. Mayrhofer & Scheid. is new record for Turkey.
Lichenized fungi of Karadağ mountain (Karacabey-Bursa)
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2016-12-28) Gül, Mustafa; Güvenç, Şaban; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
In this study, 134 taxa belonging to 60 genera were determined from 30 localities in Karadağ Mountain located within the boundaries of the Karacabey district in Bursa province. 27 of 134 taxa is new record for Bursa, and 63 taxa is new for Karacabey districts.
A new distribution area of angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae) around Uludağ (Bursa) and Its micromorphological, anatomical, palynological properties
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2022-11-28) Aktürk, Ceren; Özerkan, Merve; Yılmaz, Aylin; Kaynak, Gönül; Yılmaz, Özer; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü; 0000-0003-1498-5827
Angelica archangelica L. is an important medicinal plant that spreads from south to north in the world. This study aims to give details on the species’ morphological, anatomical, and palynological properties, and to present the second locality of A. archangelica, which is known from a single locality in Turkey. Plant materials were collected from Bursa (Uludağ). Micromorphological properties, fruit cross-section, palynological and anatomical properties were examined with SEM and Light Microscope. In the fruit cross-section, rib oil duct, vallecular vittae, and commissural vittae were observed. The stem is covered by a single-layered epidermis. The corner collenchyma cells and secretory ducts were observed in the stem cross-section. An open collateral type of vascular system was observed in the stem, consisting of sclerenchyma cells, phloem, xylem, and vascular cambium cells. The leaf is bifacial and has a single-layered epidermis. Anomocytic stomata were located on both leaf surfaces and denser on the lower surface than on the upper surface. Hypodermis was observed under the epidermis layer. Collenchyma tissue was located between hypodermis cells. Tricolporate pollen grains were observed. Pollens are perprolate in shape. The exine ornamentation is rugulate.
A new record for the flora of Turkey: Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó (Orchidaceae)
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-04-01) Daşkın, Ruziye; Yılmaz, Özer; Kaynak, Gönül; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó (Orchidaceae) subsp. maculata is collected from Uludağ Mountain (Bursa, Turkey) and is reported for the first time for the Flora of Turkey. The description of the species has also been expanded, following collection of specific plant materials. A comparison between our specimens and Dactylorhiza nieschalkiorum H. Baumann & Künkele - the closest species to these specimens - is provided, and their distributions in Turkey are shown on a map.
Optimization of phytase production by new isolate bacillus sp. EBD 9-1 strain using statistical experimental design
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2015-10-08) Murat, Dilek; Demirkan, Elif; Sevgi, Tuba; Baygın, Eren; İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
In this study, face centered central composite design (FCCCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to describe the relationship between the tested variables, pH, temperature, rpm, incubation period and phytase production by novel isolate Bacillus sp. EBD 9-1. The design was employed by selecting pH, temperature, rpm and incubation period as the model factors and to achieve maximum yield, interaction of these factors was studied by RSM. A second order quadratic model and response surface method showed that the optimum conditions for phytase production were pH, 8.0; temperature, 38.13°C; rpm, 113.64 and incubation period, 45 h. Under these conditions, phytase activity was found to be about 228 Uml-1.
Physiological responses of epiphytic lichens to anthropogenic activities at Kirazlıyayla and Sarıalan camping areas in Uludağ National Park (Bursa, Turkey)
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-11-28) Güvenç, Şaban; Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi; Biyoloji Bölümü
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anthropogenic activities on the physiology of epiphytic lichens in Kirazlıyayla and Sarıalan picnic areas at Uludağ National Park. Chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids contents and OD435/415 ratio of all the species collected from Kirazlıyayla and Sarıalan were higher in picnic areas compared to the control areas. Chlorophyll contents of the samples collected from the picnic areas at the end of summer were higher than that of collected in early summer. Chlorophyll a content of Parmelia sulcata collected from Kirazlıyayla was lower at the end of summer than the value measured at the beginning of summer. The OD435/415 ratio of Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea samples collected from Kirazlıyayla, and Hypogymnia physodes and P. furfuracea samples collected from Sarıalan were higher in picnic area than the control area both in early summer and early autumn. Chlorophyll a was positively correlated with chlorophyll b, carotenoid, and OD435/415, and was negatively correlated with relative humidity and altitude. OD435/415 ratio was positively correlated with the other photosynthetic pigments, whereas it was only negatively associated with the altitude.

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