Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences

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Assessment of some pollution parameters with geographic information system (GIS) in sediment samples of Lake Uluabat, Turkey
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2014-04-08) İleri, Saadet; Karaer, Feza; Katip, Aslıhan; Onur, S. Sonay; Aksoy, Ertuğrul; Ziraat Fakültesi; Toprak Bölümü
The scope of work is to determine the quality of the lake Uluabat sediment. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), orthophosphate phosphorus (PO4-P), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total nitrogen (TN), organic matter, and water content were monitored from June 2008 to May 2009 monthly with the samples taken from 8 different stations in the lake. Additionally sediment quality parameters were mapped to the ArcGIS 9.1 software and distribution of pollution were visualized with pollution distribution maps. As a result, in the stations 1., 5., 7., 8. have been found to be more intense pollution load when these maps were examined.
Bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2013-03-20) Dindar, Efsun; Olcay, Fatma; Şağban, Topaç; Başkaya, Hüseyin Savaş; Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü
Environmental pollution with petroleum and petrochemical products has attracted much attention in recent decades. Contamination of the natural environment with oil derivatives causes soil, including arable land, to degrade, while the occurrence of many spots and areas of contamination may result in underground environments. This has been shown to have harmful effects on the environment and human beings at large. Improving our knowledge of the effects and remediation of oil-related pollution therefore is important for the future of developing countries with respect to the sustainable use of the environment. Bioremediation is one of the most popular remediation technologies in use due to the relatively low cost. It is a rapidly developing field of environmental restoration, utilizing natural microbial activity to reduce the concentration and/or toxicity of various chemical substances such as petroleum products and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Biodegradation is a natural process carried out by soil and aquatic microorganisms, mostly bacteria and fungi. Certain bacterial strains have a demonstrated ability to break down or transform the chemical substances present in petroleum products. The goal of oil-spill bioremediation methods is to provide favorable conditions of oxygen, temperature and nutrients to maximize biological hydrocarbon breakdown. This paper is a short overview of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation and bioremediation.
Biostimulating effects of wastewater sludges on stressed soils
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2013-12-09) Şağban, F. Olcay Topaç; Dindar, Efsun; Başkaya, Hüseyin S.; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü
Soil pollution is accepted as a pressing problem in many parts of the world resulting in efforts to develop a variety of soil remediation technologies. Properly processed wastewater sludge which contains significant amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and other trace elements is accepted as a promising nutrient source for microbes in soils contaminated with various contaminants. The objective of the present study was to determine the potential use of municipal wastewater sludge as a biostimulating agent in soils which has been irrigated with a polluted river water for long time and evaluate the soil enzyme activities. The results of 45 days incubation period indicated a significant improvement (1.5 to 5 fold in comparison to unamended polluted soil) in urease, alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase activities in sludge amended soils. Maximum values were observed in soils amended with 200 t/ha sludge. Although, the sludge dose of 100 t/ha increased the enzyme activity levels of polluted soil significantly, it seemed to be inadequate to increase activity levels of polluted soil to reference soil levels. Consequently, municipal sludge amendment with dose of 200 t/ha appeared to enhance the nutrient status of soil system, providing the removal of the anthropogenic stress caused by the irrigation from a polluted river.
Disinfection of domestic wastewater by solar TiO2 photocatalysis using CPC solar reactor: A case study in Bursa
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2018-07-30) Şengül, Burcu; Alkan, Ufuk; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü
This study intends to evaluate the applicability of solar TiO2 photocatalysis, which is one of the solar-based advanced oxidation processes, for domestic wastewater disinfection. Studies were performed under natural sunlight with a CPC solar reactor and with beakers in summer and autumn months (July-October). Different flow rates (0.21-15 L min -1) and TiO2 concentrations (1-300 mg L -1) were applied in CPC solar reactor and optimum conditions were detected to reach the highest E.coli removal. Optimum flow rate and TiO2 concentration that provided the highest E.coli removal (2.97-log) after 5 hours were 10 L min -1 and 200 mg L -1, respectively. It was observed that the removal efficiencies decreased at TiO2 concentrations above 200 mg L -1. Higher removal ratios were obtained at higher flow rates. This study shows that the application of solar TiO2 photocatalysis using CPC solar reactors for domestic wastewater disinfection in Bursa city appears to be feasible as an environmentally friendly, economical and non-toxic alternative.
Ecovillage design and applicability to Akçalar district of Bursa
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2021-09-19) Kılıç, Melike Yalılı; Kılıç, İlker; Adalı, Sümeyye; Ziraat Fakültesi; Biyosistem Mühendisliği Bölümü
Today, with the change in consumption habits, the decrease in natural resources causes concerns about meeting future generations of these resources. Ecovillages, which are the representatives of self-sufficient life culture and ensuring the sustainability of natural resources, stand out as an important initiative in preserving the natural balance and ensuring a sustainable nature-human relationship. In this study, successful ecovillage initiatives in the world and our country have been examined, and the applicability of ecovillage in Akçalar District, located in the Nilufer-Bursa, has been evaluated in terms of the biogas energy potential that can be obtained from animal wastes. It has been determined that 730 cattle waste in the farms located in the neighborhood, which is developed in animal production, have a daily biogas potential of 1505.625 m³. This potential in electricity generation can be provided annual electrical energy of 2547517.5 kWh.
A GIS-based method for shallow lake eutrophication assessment
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2011) Akdeniz, Serkut; Karaer, Feza; Katip, Aslıhan; Aksoy, Ertuğrul; Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü
Because of the rapidly increasing pollution in Lake Uluabat, which is one of the significant shallow lakes of Turkey and has been announced to be a Ramsar Area, eutrophic state evaluation based on geographic information system was performed. The eutrophication level of the lake is determined with the help of a 0 – 100 scale based on TSI calculations and secchi disc depth (SD), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) parameters. Between 0 - 30 represents oligotrophic level, 30 – 40 represents lower mesotrophic level 40 – 50 mesotrophic, 50 – 60 upper mesotrophic, 60 – 70 eutrophic, 70 – 80 hypereutrophic and 80 – 100 extremely hypereutrophic. The TSI maps of four parameters were created using the Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) interpolation method. The final map showing the spatial distribution of trophic level was generated by synthesising the thematic maps of each indicator on the cell basis with the overlay technique. From the final map, the trophic level of the entire lake was characterised as eutrophic or more in all seasons studied during the year.
Landfill leachate treatment by the combination of physicochemical methods with adsorption process
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2007-04-01) Kılıç, Melike Yalılı; Kestioğlu, Kadir; Yonar, Taner; Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü
The pretreatment with lime, ammonia stripping, chemical coagulation and activated carbon adsorption were used respectively for Bursa region leachate in this study. It was used that the first alternative, pretreatment with lime+ammonia stripping+neutralization were operated. This alternative achieved 19% COD removal and performed the capital and annual operating costs of $175 m-3 and $5 m-3, respectively. In this study, the second alternative included chemical coagulation+ammonia stripping+granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. This alternative flow scheme achieved to produce an effluent COD of 160 mg L-1, which complied with Turkish discharge standard for receiving media and capital&annual operating cost were estimated to be $383 m-3 and $18 m-3, respectively. Consequently, the second alternative was determined to be appropriate according to discharge standard. But, it’s capital and operating costs are very high for discharge to surface water. The following pretreatment with lime, co-treatment with municipial waste water is appropriate for lower treatment costs. Recommended this solution shows suitable results about treatment ammonia and heavy metals. Furthermore this solution can help that the developing countries adopt landfill leachate treatment.
Monitoring of sediment quality and nutrients dynamics of Lake Uluabat, Turkey
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2015-04-07) Kurtoğlu, Sudan; Özengin, Nihan; Elmacı, Ayşe; Başkaya, Hüseyin Savaş; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü
Lake Uluabat, as being an important RAMSAR site, is located in Marmara Region, Turkey. Lake is one of Turkey's rich shallow lakes in terms of aquatic plants, fish and birds. The wetlands of Lake Uluabat and its catchments face a number of problems and threats which could make these valuable resources change or degrade. Human activities, both direct and indirect, are great contributors to degradation and loss of Lake Uluabat wetlands and its water quality. There is no law or regulations about sediment quality assessment and protection works in Lake Uluabat. The objective of this research is to evaluate the sediment quality and nutrients dynamics of Lake Uluabat. For this purpose pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, hydrolysable total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, organic carbon parameters, anions (Cl- , CO3 = , CaCO3) and cations (Ca++, Mg++, Na+ , K+ ) of the sediment were analysed at five stations which are close to urban/industrial locations, inlet/outflow points of lake and drain point of Mustafakemalpasa Creek. The obtained results have shown that alkaline conditions are dominant in Lake Uluabat. The results of this study are to guide for sediment quality monitoring and assessment studies for Lake Uluabat and for further studies.
Removal of acute toxicity with ozonation in textile plant waste water
(Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2013-01-29) İleri, Saadet; Karaer, Feza; Mimarlık ve Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü
Textile industry is one of the most common and essential sector in the world. The textile industry consumes large quantities of water at its different steps of dyeing and finishing, among other processes. The non-biodegradable nature of dyes and their stability toward light and oxidizing agents complicate the selection of a suitable method for their removal. Moreover, toxicity bioassays have demonstrated that most of them are toxic. The acute toxicity of waste water of textile plant was investigated using Daphnia magna (water fleas) and ozonation. In this study, samples were taken from a cotton textile plant in Bursa at the first stage, the treatment was made by ozonation and then the toxicity tests were performed. In ozonation, the appropriate pH, dosage of ozone (O3) and ozonation time were determined. In toxicity tests, monitoring of toxicity were made at different dilution rates using Daphnia magna both in treated water with ozonation and in wastewater. The acute toxicity scale LD50 (Lethal Dose) values were determined as 50 % in waste water and 90 % in water treated with ozonation. As a result, it can be concluded that ozonation demonstrated a positive contribution to the removal of acute toxicity in textile wastewaters
Removal of nitrate from groundwater using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor: The effects of hydrogen pressure and hydraulic retention time
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-09-10) Cuci, Yakup; Taşkın, Elif Gamze; Fen Bilimleri Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü
The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) is a novel system that uses membranes to supply dissolved gas directly to a biofilm growing on the membrane surface. In this study, hydrogen-based MBfR was used to remove nitrate from groundwater. The continuous flow MBfR reactor was operated under varying hydrogen (H2) pressures and hydraulic retention times (HRT) at constant nitrate concentration of 10 mg L -1 over 81 days with nitrate containing simulated groundwater. The study was composed two parts. In the first part of the study, the effect of H2 pressure on nitrate removal was investigated. The results showed that nitrate reduction rate improved as H2 pressure was increased from 2 to 5 psi, and over 98% of total nitrogen removal rate was achieved. In the second part of study, effect of HRT on nitrate removal was investigated under 5 psi H2 pressure. Our results showed stable nitrate removals under varying HRTs and decreasing HRT from 12 h to 1 h did not adversely affect the reactor performance, however, 0.5 HRT adversely affected the nitrate removal performance. The maximum nitrate removal flux of 3.01 g NO3 (0,659 g NO3) was reached. This research showed that H2 based MBfR is effective for removing nitrate from the contaminated groundwater.
Removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBS) from soils using additives: ambient air applications
(Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, 2019-03-06) Tandoğan, Büşra; Şanlı, Gizem Eker; Mühendislik Fakültesi; Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü
The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds from the soil samples taken from around a cement plant in Bursa-Turkey. Ambient air applications were carried out, and the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2), diethylamine (DEA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the removal of PCBs were determined. Firstly, the soil samples without any additives were exposed to ambient air conditions for 24 hours. Then, TiO2, DEA and H2O2 were added to the soils at 1%, 10% and 20% of the soil dry weight. The PCB concentrations were measured using a gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Only 2% Σ82 PCB removal efficiency was obtained in the sample prepared without using additive. This value reached 86% when 10% DEA was used as an additive. It was concluded that sunlight was not effective in the degradation of PCBs in soil without the use of additives and DEA was the most efficient photocatalyst for this study. Among the all ambient air applications, the 4- and 5- chlorine homolog group compounds were removed at the maximum ratio, while the 8- and 9- chlorine homolog group showed the lowest removal efficiency.

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