İslam hukukunda ahkâmın değişmesine modern yaklaşımlar
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2024-02-21
Kurum Yazarları
Hata, İbrahim
Süreli Yayın başlığı
Süreli Yayın ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayınevi
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Özet
“Zamanın değişmesiyle hükümlerin değişmesi” yönündeki ahkâmın değişmesi kaidesi, kadim asırlardan bu yana fıkıh düşüncesinde mana ve mefhum olarak mevcudiyetini sürdürmekte, belirli bir sahada ve olağan akışında hükmünü icra etmekteydi. Ancak önce Mecelle’nin söz konusu kaideyi küllî kaideleri arasına alması, sonrasında da modern yenilik hareketlerinin kaideyi fıkıhta modern yenilik projesinin en önemli argümanlarından biri durumuna getirmesiyle, kaide, modern zamanların en çok tartışılan ve en önde bulunan tartışma konularından biri haline gelmiştir. Kaide ile ilgili kadim gelenekte ve Mecelle’de, kaidenin nassla sabit olmayan örf ve âdete dayalı tâlî hükümlerde geçerli olduğu yönünde bir çerçeve belirlenmiştir. Ancak Mecelle sonrasında ise, modern yenilik hareketleri tarafından, kaide ile ilgili kadim gelenekte ve Mecelle’de konulan kayıt ve sınırlar dikkate alınmamış; kaide, kapsamı aşırı genişletilerek, fıkıhta modern yenilenme hareketinin en önemli argümanlarından biri durumuna getirilmiştir. Kaidenin aşırı genişletilmesinde ve “değişim”in öne çıkarılmasında modern Batı düşüncesinin de önemli etkileri olmuştur. Kaide, kuruculuğu Cemâleddin Efgânî, Muhammed Abduh ve Reşîd Rızâ gibi yenilikçi düşünürler tarafından yapılan “modern fıkıh düşüncesi”nin kurucu, temel paradigmalarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Birçok muasır İslâm hukukçusu ve Türkiye’deki bazı akademisyenler de kaide konusunda bu modern görüşü benimsemiştir. Diğer yandan modern dönemde ahkâmın değişmesi kaidesinin klasik otantik çerçevesi bağlamında ele alınması gerektiğini ve aşırı genişletilmesinin büyük mahzurlara yol açacağını düşünen birçok İslâm âlimi ve müellifi de vardır. Bizim ulaştığımız sonuç da klasik geleneğin ve klasik çerçevenin muhafaza edilmesini savunan modern dönem müelliflerinin görüşü istikametindedir. Araştırmamızda ahkâmın değişmesi konusundaki klasik yaklaşım ile modern yaklaşıma dair bilgiler doküman analizi yöntemi ile toplanmış, sonra karşılaştırılması yapılarak tümevarım yöntemiyle bir sonuca ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.
The rule of changing the rules of "change of the rules with the change of time" has been present in the thought of fiqh as a meaning and concept since ancient centuries, and has been exercising its rule in a certain field and in its ordinary course. However, it became one of the most debated and prominent topics of discussion in modern times, first because the Mecelle included it among its universal rules, and then because the modern innovation movements made it one of the most important arguments of the modern innovation project in fiqh. In the ancient tradition and Mecelle regarding the base, a framework has been determined that the base is valid in the secondary provisions based on customs and traditions that are not fixed in the scriptures. However, in the post-Mecelle period, the modern innovation movements did not take into account the restrictions and limitations set in the ancient tradition and in the Mecelle, and the scope of the rule was over-expanded, making it one of the most important arguments of the modern renewal movement in fiqh. Modern Western thought has also had a significant impact on overexpanding the pedestal and emphasizing "change". The principle constitutes one of the founding and basic paradigms of "modern fiqh thought", which was founded by innovative thinkers such as Cemaleddin Efgânî, Muhammed Abduh and Reşid Rıza. Many contemporary Islamic jurists and some academics in Turkey have also adopted this modern view of the rule. On the other hand, there are many Islamic scholars and authors who believe that the principle of the change of ahkam in the modern period should be considered within the context of its classical authentic framework, and that its excessive expansion would lead to major drawbacks. The conclusion we have reached is in the direction of the view of the authors of the modern period, who advocate the preservation of the classical tradition and the classical framework. In our research, information on the classical approach and the modern approach to the change of ahkām was collected through document analysis, and then compared and tried to reach a conclusion through inductive method.
The rule of changing the rules of "change of the rules with the change of time" has been present in the thought of fiqh as a meaning and concept since ancient centuries, and has been exercising its rule in a certain field and in its ordinary course. However, it became one of the most debated and prominent topics of discussion in modern times, first because the Mecelle included it among its universal rules, and then because the modern innovation movements made it one of the most important arguments of the modern innovation project in fiqh. In the ancient tradition and Mecelle regarding the base, a framework has been determined that the base is valid in the secondary provisions based on customs and traditions that are not fixed in the scriptures. However, in the post-Mecelle period, the modern innovation movements did not take into account the restrictions and limitations set in the ancient tradition and in the Mecelle, and the scope of the rule was over-expanded, making it one of the most important arguments of the modern renewal movement in fiqh. Modern Western thought has also had a significant impact on overexpanding the pedestal and emphasizing "change". The principle constitutes one of the founding and basic paradigms of "modern fiqh thought", which was founded by innovative thinkers such as Cemaleddin Efgânî, Muhammed Abduh and Reşid Rıza. Many contemporary Islamic jurists and some academics in Turkey have also adopted this modern view of the rule. On the other hand, there are many Islamic scholars and authors who believe that the principle of the change of ahkam in the modern period should be considered within the context of its classical authentic framework, and that its excessive expansion would lead to major drawbacks. The conclusion we have reached is in the direction of the view of the authors of the modern period, who advocate the preservation of the classical tradition and the classical framework. In our research, information on the classical approach and the modern approach to the change of ahkām was collected through document analysis, and then compared and tried to reach a conclusion through inductive method.
Açıklama
Anahtar kelimeler
Ahkâmın değişmesi, Klasik fıkıh düşüncesi, Mecelle, Modern fıkıh düşüncesi, İslâm hukuku, Cemaleddin Efgânî, Muhammed Abduh, Reşid Rıza, Changes in the ahkam, Classical fiqh thought, Majalla, Modern fiqh thought, Islamic law, Jamal al-Din Efgani, Rashid Rida
Alıntı
Hata, İ. (2024). İslam hukukunda ahkâmın değişmesine modern yaklaşımlar. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.