Kant ve Lyotard’da bir farklılık politikası olarak yüce
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Date
2017-03-10
Authors
Sütçü, Özcan Yılmaz
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu makalede Lyotard’ın Kant’ın yüce (sublime) kavramını yeniden ele aldığı Lessons on the Analytic of the Sublime metninden hareketle “yargılama nedir” sorusuna odaklanılmıştır. Lyotard’ın Kant’a olan ilgisinin kaynağında, modern dünyanın birçok alanda yaşadığı “yargı krizi” vardır. Modernistler, bu yargı krizinden ortak duyu (sensus communis) kavramı ile yeni bir çıkış yolu ararken Lyotard gibi postmodern filozoflar, yargının çoğulluğuna kapı açan “yüce” kavramıyla bir çıkış ararlar. Lyotard, “yüce duygusu” ile Kant’ın felsefesinde “bütünlük ideasi”na yol açan yargıyı aşmaya çalışır. Lyotard yüce duygusunda, düşüncedeki farklılığı ya da düşünce yetilerindeki “adaleti” bulur. Kant yüce kavramıyla aklın düzenleyici ve bütünleştirici idealarını devre dışı bırakarak onun kendi güç ve imkânları ile karşılaşmasını gündeme getirmişti. Aklın kendi gücü ve imkânlarıyla karşılaşması bir “idea”ya ulaşmaktan ziyade hayranlık ve korku ile karışık bir “coşku”ya yol açar. Kant’a göre bu coşku, yüce bir varlık karşısında yaşanır. Ancak Fransız devrimi gibi hayal gücünün sınırlarının zorlandığı ve hatta aşıldığı toplumsal durumlarda da böyle bir coşku yaşanabilir. Burada yüce, devrimin seyircisi konumundaki halkların içinde yeşeren duygudur. Lyotard ise politik bir olay karşısında yaşanan bu coşkuyu daha fazla ön plana çıkararak Kant’ın yüce kavramına yeni bir bakış açısı getirir.
In this article, “what is judgement?” was chosen as the question with reference to Lessons on the Analytic of the Sublime text in which Lyotard reconsidered Kant’s term sublime. The source of Lyotard’s interest on Kant is “judgement crisis”, which modern world has in many areas. While modernists search for a new way out from this judgement crisis with “sensus communis” term, postmodern philosophers such as Lyotard search for a new way out with “sublime” term that opens a door to judicial pluralism. Lyotard tries to over come judgement that leads to “the idea of integrity” with “the feeling of sublime”. In the feeling of sublime, he finds the differences in thinking or the justice in reasoningability. Kant, with the sublime term, brings encountering mind with its power and possibilities into question by disabling its regulatory and integrative ideas. Mind’s encountering with its own power and possibilites leads to an “enthusiasm” mixed with admiration and fearinstead of finding an “idea”. According to Kant, this enthusiasm is experienced in the face of a sublime being. However, such enthusiasm can be experienced in social situations such as French Revolution that pushes and even exceeds the limits of imagination. Here, sublime is the feeling that flourished within people who are at the position of revolution audience. Lyotard brings a new perspective on Kant’s sublime term by giving this enthusiasm experienced in the face of a political event more prominence.
In this article, “what is judgement?” was chosen as the question with reference to Lessons on the Analytic of the Sublime text in which Lyotard reconsidered Kant’s term sublime. The source of Lyotard’s interest on Kant is “judgement crisis”, which modern world has in many areas. While modernists search for a new way out from this judgement crisis with “sensus communis” term, postmodern philosophers such as Lyotard search for a new way out with “sublime” term that opens a door to judicial pluralism. Lyotard tries to over come judgement that leads to “the idea of integrity” with “the feeling of sublime”. In the feeling of sublime, he finds the differences in thinking or the justice in reasoningability. Kant, with the sublime term, brings encountering mind with its power and possibilities into question by disabling its regulatory and integrative ideas. Mind’s encountering with its own power and possibilites leads to an “enthusiasm” mixed with admiration and fearinstead of finding an “idea”. According to Kant, this enthusiasm is experienced in the face of a sublime being. However, such enthusiasm can be experienced in social situations such as French Revolution that pushes and even exceeds the limits of imagination. Here, sublime is the feeling that flourished within people who are at the position of revolution audience. Lyotard brings a new perspective on Kant’s sublime term by giving this enthusiasm experienced in the face of a political event more prominence.
Description
Keywords
Kant, Lyotard, Yüce, Yargılama yetisi, Yargı gücü, Sublime, Ability to judge, Power of judgement
Citation
Sütçü, Ö. Y. (2017). "Kant ve Lyotard’da bir farklılık politikası olarak yüce". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 28, 81-95.