Denge ağırlığı ve radyasyonlu ortamlarda zırh işlevi amacına yönelik ağır beton tasarımı
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Date
2013
Authors
Özen, Süleyman
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Denge ağırlığı betonu üretimi, zararlı ışınlara karşı zırh betonu uygulamaları ve ağır beton kullanımı içeren diğer farklı amaçlar için karışım tasarımında en geçerli yöntem ağır agregaların kullanılmasıdır. Normal bir beton gibi ağır betonun da hacminin yaklaşık %75'ini agrega oluşturmaktadır. Bundan dolayı, agregaların kalitesi ağır betonun özeliklerini büyük ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu amaç için, ağır agrega türünün betonun fiziksel ve mekanik özeliklerine, kırılma davranışına ve radyasyona karşı zırhlama performansına etkisini araştırmak amacıyla bir deneysel çalışma yapıldı. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde mevcut olan demir cevheri, tufal, iki tür barit ve çelikhane cürufu ağır agregalarıyla betonlar üretildi. Ayrıca, Hollanda'dan getirilen ve doğal bir mineral olan manyetit agregasıyla da bir diğer ağır beton karışımı hazırlandı. Bütün betonlarda; su/çimento oranı, çimento dozajı, en büyük agrega boyutu ve karışım agregasının granülometrisi sabit tutuldu. Bu çalışma kapsamında; söz konusu ağır agregalar kullanılarak üretilen altı beton karışımında basınç dayanımı, elastisite modülü, yarma-çekme dayanımı gibi mekanik özelikler yanında eğilme etkisinde kırılma davranışı incelendi. Elde edilen deney sonuçları, kullanılan ağır agrega tipinin betonun mekanik özeliklerini büyük ölçüde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Mekanik özeliklerde en yüksek performans demir cevheri ve çelikhane cürufu ağır agregalarıyla elde edilirken en yüksek kırılma enerjisi değerleri ise tufal, manyetit veya çelikhane cürufu ve demir cevheri karışımına sahip betonlarda elde edildi. Bu araştırmanın ikinci amacı ise, demir cevheri, tufal, iki tür barit ve çelikhane cürufu ağır agregaları kullanılarak üretilen ağır betonların radyasyona karşı zırhlama özeliklerini değerlendirmektir. Bu ilave amaca varmak için, manyetit dışındaki beş karışımın her birinden alınan çapı 15cm, kalınlıkları ise 6, 15, 21 ve 30 cm olan numuneler radyasyon atenüasyon katsayılarını belirlemek üzere deneye tabi tutuldu. Ağır betonun birim ağırlığı 3820 ila 3012 kg/m3 arasında değiştirilirken atenüasyon katsayısının 0,265 ila 0,224 1/cm arasında kaldığı, ağır agrega tipinden bağımsız olduğu ve sonuçta bu katsayısının belirlenmesinde belirleyici faktörün betonun birim ağırlığı olduğu sonucuna varılmaktadır.
In production of counterweight concrete and shielding concrete applications against hazardous radiations as well as various other applications that involve use of heavyweight concrete, the most significant method of mix design involves use of heavyweight aggregates. Similar to normal weight concrete, approximately 75% of the volume of heavyweight concrete is occupied by aggregates. Thus, the quality of the aggregate significantly affects the properties of heavyweight concrete. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of heavyweight aggregate type on the physical and mechanical properties, fracture behaviour under bending and radiation shielding performance. In this study, concrete samples were produced using iron ore, steel mill scale, two types of barite and steel slag which are heavyweight aggregates, available in Turkey. An additional heavyweight concrete mixture was produced using magnetite as a natural mineral heavyweight aggregate imported from Netherlands. In all concrete samples produced, water/cement ratio, cement content, maximum aggregate size and the combined grading of aggregate used in the mixture were kept constant. Within the scope of this research, in addition to the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and splitting tensile strength, the fracture behavior under bending was also investigated. Experimental results show that the type of heavyweight aggregate used affects the properties of heavyweight concretes. In terms of basic mechanical properties, the best performances were obtained when iron ore and steel slag were used while the highest fracture energy values were reached in concretes with steel mill scale, magnetite or the mixture of steel slag and iron ore. The second objective of this research was to evaluate the radiation shielding properties of heavyweight concrete with iron ore, steel mill scale and two types of barite or steel slag used as aggregates. To achieve this additional objective, samples with 15 cm diameter and 6, 15, 21 and 30 cm in length were taken from all concrete mixtures, except for the case where magnetite was used, and were tested to determine the radiation attenuation coefficient. The experimental results showed that the attenuation coefficient varied between 0.265 and 0.224 1/cm, while the unit weight of heavyweight concrete was changed from 3820 to 3012 kg/m3. It can be concluded that the dominant factor in the determination of attenuation coefficient is the unit weight of heavyweight concrete, and this coefficient is independent of the type of heavyweight aggregate.
In production of counterweight concrete and shielding concrete applications against hazardous radiations as well as various other applications that involve use of heavyweight concrete, the most significant method of mix design involves use of heavyweight aggregates. Similar to normal weight concrete, approximately 75% of the volume of heavyweight concrete is occupied by aggregates. Thus, the quality of the aggregate significantly affects the properties of heavyweight concrete. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of heavyweight aggregate type on the physical and mechanical properties, fracture behaviour under bending and radiation shielding performance. In this study, concrete samples were produced using iron ore, steel mill scale, two types of barite and steel slag which are heavyweight aggregates, available in Turkey. An additional heavyweight concrete mixture was produced using magnetite as a natural mineral heavyweight aggregate imported from Netherlands. In all concrete samples produced, water/cement ratio, cement content, maximum aggregate size and the combined grading of aggregate used in the mixture were kept constant. Within the scope of this research, in addition to the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and splitting tensile strength, the fracture behavior under bending was also investigated. Experimental results show that the type of heavyweight aggregate used affects the properties of heavyweight concretes. In terms of basic mechanical properties, the best performances were obtained when iron ore and steel slag were used while the highest fracture energy values were reached in concretes with steel mill scale, magnetite or the mixture of steel slag and iron ore. The second objective of this research was to evaluate the radiation shielding properties of heavyweight concrete with iron ore, steel mill scale and two types of barite or steel slag used as aggregates. To achieve this additional objective, samples with 15 cm diameter and 6, 15, 21 and 30 cm in length were taken from all concrete mixtures, except for the case where magnetite was used, and were tested to determine the radiation attenuation coefficient. The experimental results showed that the attenuation coefficient varied between 0.265 and 0.224 1/cm, while the unit weight of heavyweight concrete was changed from 3820 to 3012 kg/m3. It can be concluded that the dominant factor in the determination of attenuation coefficient is the unit weight of heavyweight concrete, and this coefficient is independent of the type of heavyweight aggregate.
Description
Keywords
Ağır beton, Ağır agrega, Denge ağırlığı betonu, Heavyweight concrete, High density aggregate, Counterweight concrete, Shielding radiation, Radyasyon zırhlama
Citation
Özen, S. (2013). Denge ağırlığı ve radyasyonlu ortamlarda zırh işlevi amacına yönelik ağır beton tasarımı. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.