Farklı starter kültür oranları ile hayvansal ve mikrobiyel kaynaklı peynir mayaları kullanılarak üretilen tam yağlı beyaz peynirlerin özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
Date
2010-03-31
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada 8 ayrı Beyaz peynir üretilmiş ve denemeler 2 tekerrürlü olarak yapılmıştır. Her bir peynir örneği (+4) - (+6) °C' de 3 ay olgunlaşmaya bırakılarak olgunlaşmanın 1. , 15., 30., 60. ve 90. gününde analize alınmıştır. Toplam incelenen örnek sayısı 80 adet olup üretim 1,2 ton kapasiteli teknelerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemeyi oluşturan hammadde süt kontrol grubu peynirler dahil 72 0C'de 10 dakika pastörize edilmiş ve starter kültür oranları değiştirilerek 3 farklı kültür oranı uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubu peynirler kültür ilave edilmeden hem hayvansal hem de mikrobiyel rennin enzimi kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Starter kültür ilave edilen peynirler, her bir kültür oranı için hayvansal rennin enzimi ve mikrobiyel rennin enzimi ayrı ayrı kullanılarak üretim gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kullanılan starter kültür oranı 5 DCU/ton, 10 DCU/ton, 20 DCU/ton olarak belirlenmiştir. Peynir üretiminde Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ile, Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus bakteri suşlarını içeren mezofilik-termofilik (DVS) karışık kültür kullanılmıştır. Üretilen peynir örneklerine kimyasal, biyokimyasal ve duyusal analizler uygulanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada kullanılan maya orijininin farklı olmasının peynirin kimyasal analiz sonuçlarında çok fazla bir değişim yaratmadığı ancak duyusal analiz sonuçlarında etkili olduğu belirtilmiştir. Peynirin kimyasal ve duyusal özellikleri üzerinde en etkili faktörlerin birinci derecede peynirin olgunlaşma süresi daha sonra da starter kültür kullanım oranları olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bütün bu faktörlerin dışında kullanılan hammadde sütün asitlik değerindeki değişimin peynirin yapı-görünüş ve tekstürel özelliğini etkilediği bulunmuştur. Peynir örneklerinde 90.gün sonunda ortaya çıkan toplam serbest amino asit miktarı olarak ise en fazla serbest amino asit 5 DCU/ton starter kültür oranı kullanılarak mikrobiyel rennin enzimi ile yapılan peynir örneğinde bulunmuştur. Ayrıca bu peynir örneği duyusal olarak genel kabul edilebilirlik anlamında en çok beğenilen peynir örneği olmuştur.
In this study 8 different white cheeses were produced and the trials were carried out 2 repetitions. Each cheese sample was ripened for 3 months at (+4) to (+6) 0C and on 1 th., 30 th, 60 th and 90 th day of ripening, the samples were analyzed. Total analyzed sample number is 80, production was carried out in 1, 2 tons capacity vats. Raw materials of the trial including control group of milk were pasteurized at 72 0C for 10 minutes, 3 different cultures ratio were used by changing the starter culture ratio. Culture addition weren’t applied to control group of cheese, separately, rennin enzymes were used both animal source and microbial source production of cheese by adding starter culture, for each culture ratio were carried out by using both animal source rennin enzyme and microbial source rennin enzyme. Used starter culture ratio was carried out 5 DCU/tons, 10 DCU/tons and 20 DCU/tons. In cheese production, mesofilic – thermophilic (DVS) mixed culture was used which incluede lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis sıbsp. cremoris and Streptococcus salivarious subsp. thermophilus bacteria strains. In study, it is observed that yeast origin differentiation does not bring up a high differentiation in the cheese chemical analysis results; but this differentiation is not so obvious organoleptically. It is observed that, first of the factors which cause differentiation in cheese chemical and sensory characteristics is cheese ripening period and second starter culture using rations. It is observed that, first of the factors which cause differentiation in cheese chemical and sensory characteristics is cheese ripening period and second starter culture using ratios. It is observed that, used raw material except all these factors effect cheese structure- appearance and textural characteristics on milk acidity value changing. In cheese samples, it is found that end of 90th day, total free amino acid amount is maximum 5 DCU/tons in cheese sample by using microbial rennin enzyme. Besides, this cheese sample is acceptable for orgonoleptically in general acceptability mean the like’s cheese sample.
In this study 8 different white cheeses were produced and the trials were carried out 2 repetitions. Each cheese sample was ripened for 3 months at (+4) to (+6) 0C and on 1 th., 30 th, 60 th and 90 th day of ripening, the samples were analyzed. Total analyzed sample number is 80, production was carried out in 1, 2 tons capacity vats. Raw materials of the trial including control group of milk were pasteurized at 72 0C for 10 minutes, 3 different cultures ratio were used by changing the starter culture ratio. Culture addition weren’t applied to control group of cheese, separately, rennin enzymes were used both animal source and microbial source production of cheese by adding starter culture, for each culture ratio were carried out by using both animal source rennin enzyme and microbial source rennin enzyme. Used starter culture ratio was carried out 5 DCU/tons, 10 DCU/tons and 20 DCU/tons. In cheese production, mesofilic – thermophilic (DVS) mixed culture was used which incluede lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactococcus lactis sıbsp. cremoris and Streptococcus salivarious subsp. thermophilus bacteria strains. In study, it is observed that yeast origin differentiation does not bring up a high differentiation in the cheese chemical analysis results; but this differentiation is not so obvious organoleptically. It is observed that, first of the factors which cause differentiation in cheese chemical and sensory characteristics is cheese ripening period and second starter culture using rations. It is observed that, first of the factors which cause differentiation in cheese chemical and sensory characteristics is cheese ripening period and second starter culture using ratios. It is observed that, used raw material except all these factors effect cheese structure- appearance and textural characteristics on milk acidity value changing. In cheese samples, it is found that end of 90th day, total free amino acid amount is maximum 5 DCU/tons in cheese sample by using microbial rennin enzyme. Besides, this cheese sample is acceptable for orgonoleptically in general acceptability mean the like’s cheese sample.
Description
Keywords
Beyaz peynir, Starter kültür, Hayvansal ve mikrobiyel rennin enzimi, Olgunlaşma süresi, White cheese, Starter culture, Animal and microbial source rennin enzyme, Ripening period
Citation
Vapur, U. E. (2010). Farklı starter kültür oranları ile hayvansal ve mikrobiyel kaynaklı peynir mayaları kullanılarak üretilen tam yağlı beyaz peynirlerin özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.