Siyam-Tay Krallığı hâkimiyetinde Patani Sultanlığının siyasî ve toplumsal durumu (1785-1909)
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Date
2023-11-30
Authors
Zengin, Metin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın konusu ve amacı, Tayland'ın güneyinde, Patani Nehri ağzında Malaylar tarafından Miladi 1370-1450 tarihleri arasında kurulmuş olan, Patani Sultanlığı'nın Siyam-Tay Krallığı'na ilhakının tarihî sürecini incelemektir. Patani Sultanlığı, kurulduktan sonra Siyam-Tay Krallığı'nın hâkimiyetine girmiş ve bağlılık vergisi bunga mas ödemiştir. 16. ve 17. yüzyılda ticaretten elde edilen gelirler sayesinde zenginleşen Patani Sultanlığı, ticarî ve siyasî öneminden dolayı literatüre "Doğu'nun beşiği" olarak geçmiştir. Bağımsız ve zengin bir sultanlık iken 1785 yılında Siyam-Tay Krallığı'nın saldırısına uğrayan, halkı köle edilen ve bütün zenginlikleri sömürülen Patani, bir asır boyunca vasal devlet olarak var olma mücadelesini devam ettirmiştir. 19. yüzyılın sonlarında Batılı sömürgeci devletlerin kendi topraklarına müdahalesini önlemek isteyen Siyam-Tay Krallığı, Patani'ye müfettişler tayin etmiştir. 20. yüzyılın başlarında ise Siyam-Tay Krallığı, Müslüman-Malay idarecilerin haklarını baskı yoluyla ellerinden alarak Patani topraklarını ilhak etmiştir. 1909 yılında toprakları ilhak edildikten sonra Malay Müslüman kimlikleri Siyam-Tay Krallığı tarafından dinî ve kültürel baskıya tabi tutulan Patani halkı, kendi dil, kültür ve geleneklerini muhafaza etme mücadelesi vermeye başlamıştır.
The subject and purpose of this study is to examine the historical process of the annexation of the Patani Kingdom, which was founded by the Malays at the mouth of the Patani River between 1370-1450 in the south of Thailand. Patani Sultanate became a mandala state under the rule of the Siamese-Thai Kingdom after its establishment and paid the loyalty tax Bunga mas. During 16th and 17th centuries, Patani Sultanate became a rich state thanks to the incomes from trade. Due to its commercial and political importance and, it is mentioned in the literature as the "cradle of the East". After becoming a rich state Patani, who was attacked by Siam from time to time for political and economic reasons, was able to resist Siam thanks to both her strong defence and the diplomacy carried out. Patani, which was an independent and rich sultanate, was attacked by Siam in 1785, whose people were enslaved and all its riches were exploited, continued its struggle for existence as a vassal state for a century. At the end of the 19th century, the Siamese-Thai Kingdom appointed governors to Patani to prevent Western colonialist states from intervening in their lands. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Siamese-Thai Kingdom annexed the Patani lands by taking away the rights of the Muslim-Malay rulers through pressure. After the annexation of their lands, the Patani people, whose Malay Muslim identities were threatened by the Siamese-Thai Kingdom, began to struggle to preserve their language, culture and traditions.
The subject and purpose of this study is to examine the historical process of the annexation of the Patani Kingdom, which was founded by the Malays at the mouth of the Patani River between 1370-1450 in the south of Thailand. Patani Sultanate became a mandala state under the rule of the Siamese-Thai Kingdom after its establishment and paid the loyalty tax Bunga mas. During 16th and 17th centuries, Patani Sultanate became a rich state thanks to the incomes from trade. Due to its commercial and political importance and, it is mentioned in the literature as the "cradle of the East". After becoming a rich state Patani, who was attacked by Siam from time to time for political and economic reasons, was able to resist Siam thanks to both her strong defence and the diplomacy carried out. Patani, which was an independent and rich sultanate, was attacked by Siam in 1785, whose people were enslaved and all its riches were exploited, continued its struggle for existence as a vassal state for a century. At the end of the 19th century, the Siamese-Thai Kingdom appointed governors to Patani to prevent Western colonialist states from intervening in their lands. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Siamese-Thai Kingdom annexed the Patani lands by taking away the rights of the Muslim-Malay rulers through pressure. After the annexation of their lands, the Patani people, whose Malay Muslim identities were threatened by the Siamese-Thai Kingdom, began to struggle to preserve their language, culture and traditions.
Description
Keywords
Patani sultanlığı, Doğu’nun beşiği, Malay dünyası, Bunga Mas, İslam tarihi, Patani sultanate, Cradle of the east, Malay World, History of islam
Citation
Zengin, M. (2023). Siyam-Tay Krallığı hâkimiyetinde Patani Sultanlığının siyasî ve toplumsal durumu (1785-1909). Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.