Fournier gangreninde bilgisayarlı tomografinin hastalığın yaygınlık derecesini değerlendirmedeki katkısının retrospektif olarak incelenmesi
Date
2024
Authors
Bağırov, Tural
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Fournier gangreni (FG) genital, perineal ve perianal bölgelerin nekrotizan fasiitidir. Genellikle, bağışıklık sistemi baskılanmış hastalarda, diyabetik hastalarda ve perianal enfeksiyon varlığında oluşur. FG’nin tedavisi hemodinamik destek, geniş spektrumlu antibiyotik ve nekroze dokuların en erken zamanda cerrahi debridmanıdır. Yeterli debridmanın sağlanabilmesi için hastalık yaygınlığının belirlenmesi önem taşımakta ve tutulum derecesinin saptanması için çeşitli yardımcı görüntüleme tekniklerine başvurulmaktadır. Bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), FG tanısında diğer tetkiklerle karşılaştırıldığında avantajları ile öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi Klinik ve Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde 1 Ocak 2010 ile 1 Ocak 2021 tarihleri arasında yatırılıp tedavi edilmiş FG hastalarının preoperatif dönemde hastanemizde çekilen BT görüntüleri hastalığın kliniğini bilmeyen tek bir radyolog tarafından yaygınlık derecesi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Tespit edilen radyolojik tutulum derecesi ve tespit edilen klinik tutulum derecesine göre toplam 37 hasta 2 gruba ayrılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Birinci gruba (A grubu) klinik ve radyolojik olarak hastalığın evresi aynı olan 27 hasta, ikinci gruba (B grubu) ise klinik ve radyolojik olarak hastalığın evresi farklı tespit edilen 10 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastalar yaş, cinsiyet, semptom başlama süresi, başvuru anında organ yetmezliği varlığı, yatış süresi, yoğun bakım yatış süresi, mekanik ventilator ihtiyacı, Amerikan Anestezi Derneği (American Society of Anaesthesiologists’, ASA) skoru, Fournier Gangreni Şiddet İndeksi (Fournier’s Gangrene Severity Index, FGSI) skoru, Uludağ Fournier Gangreni Şiddet İndeksi (Uludağ Fournier’s Gangrene Severity Index, UFGSI) skoru, Akut Fizyoloji ve Kronik Sağlık Değerlendirmesi II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, APACHE II) skoru, klinik tutulum derecesi, yara kapatma tipi, yandaş hastalıkları, eşlik eden malignite varlığı, kemoterapi ve radyoterapi tedavi öyküsü varlığı, ostomi ihtiyacı, debridman sayısı ve geliştiyse mortalite nedenleri ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamızın sonucunda mekanik ventilatörde kalış süresi ve mortal te açısından gruplar karşılaştırıldığında stat st ksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Kl n k ve radyolojik olarak hastalığın evresi aynı olan grupta mekanik ventilatorde kalış süresi oralama 0 gün, mortalite oranı ise %18,5 iken, klinik ve radyolojik olarak hastalığın evresi farklı olan grupta mekanik ventilatorde kalış süresi oralama 4 gün (p=0,011), mortalite oranı ise %60 olarak saptanmıştır (p=0,038). BT sonucu ile hastaların bir kısmında yaygınlık evresi değişmiş, bu evrelemenin tedavi planlaması ve prognoz açısından faydalı olacağını düşündürür bulgular saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın BT etkisini daha iyi bir şekilde anlamak için ileride yapılacak çok merkezli ve daha fazla hasta içeren çalışmalara katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.
Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a necrotizing fasciitis of the genital, perineal and perianal regions. It usually occurs in immunocompromised patients, diabetic patients and in the presence of perianal infection. Treatment of FG includes hemodynamic support, broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical debridement of necrotic tissues at the earliest. It is important to determine disease involvement to ensure adequate debridement, and various auxiliary imaging techniques are used to determine the degree of involvement. Computed tomography (CT) stands out with its advantages compared to other examinations in the diagnosis of FG. In this study, CT images of FG patients who were hospitalized and treated at the General Surgery Clinic and Intensive Care Unit of Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2021, taken in our hospital during the preoperative period, were evaluated in terms of prevalence by a single radiologist who did not know the clinic of the disease. A total of 37 patients were divided into 2 groups and compared according to the degree of radiological involvement detected and the degree of clinical involvement detected. 27 patients with the same stage of the disease clinically and radiologically were included in the first group (group A), and 10 patients with different stages of the disease clinically and radiologically were included in the second group (group B). Patients were evaluated according to age, gender, symptom onset time, presence of organ failure at the time of admission, length of stay, intensive care unit stay, need for mechanical ventilation, American Society of Anaesthesiologists' score, Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index score, Uludağ Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, degree of clinical involvement, the type of wound closure, comorbidities, presence of concomitant malignancy, presence of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment history, need for ostomy, number of debridements and, if any, causes of mortality were evaluated. As a result of our study, a statistically significant difference was found when the groups were compared in terms of duration of stay on mechanical ventilation and mortality. In the group with the same stage of the disease clinically and radiologically, the average duration of stay on mechanical ventilation was 0 days and the mortality rate was 18.5%, while in the group with different stages of the disease clinically and radiologically, the average duration of stay on mechanical ventilation was 4 days (p = 0.011) and the mortality rate was 18.5%. It was found to be 60% (p=0.038). As a result of CT, the extent of the disease stage changed in some of the patients, and findings suggesting that this staging would be useful in terms of treatment planning and prognosis were detected. It is thought that this study will contribute to future multicenter studies involving more patients to better understand the effect of CT.
Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a necrotizing fasciitis of the genital, perineal and perianal regions. It usually occurs in immunocompromised patients, diabetic patients and in the presence of perianal infection. Treatment of FG includes hemodynamic support, broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical debridement of necrotic tissues at the earliest. It is important to determine disease involvement to ensure adequate debridement, and various auxiliary imaging techniques are used to determine the degree of involvement. Computed tomography (CT) stands out with its advantages compared to other examinations in the diagnosis of FG. In this study, CT images of FG patients who were hospitalized and treated at the General Surgery Clinic and Intensive Care Unit of Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between January 1, 2010 and January 1, 2021, taken in our hospital during the preoperative period, were evaluated in terms of prevalence by a single radiologist who did not know the clinic of the disease. A total of 37 patients were divided into 2 groups and compared according to the degree of radiological involvement detected and the degree of clinical involvement detected. 27 patients with the same stage of the disease clinically and radiologically were included in the first group (group A), and 10 patients with different stages of the disease clinically and radiologically were included in the second group (group B). Patients were evaluated according to age, gender, symptom onset time, presence of organ failure at the time of admission, length of stay, intensive care unit stay, need for mechanical ventilation, American Society of Anaesthesiologists' score, Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index score, Uludağ Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, degree of clinical involvement, the type of wound closure, comorbidities, presence of concomitant malignancy, presence of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment history, need for ostomy, number of debridements and, if any, causes of mortality were evaluated. As a result of our study, a statistically significant difference was found when the groups were compared in terms of duration of stay on mechanical ventilation and mortality. In the group with the same stage of the disease clinically and radiologically, the average duration of stay on mechanical ventilation was 0 days and the mortality rate was 18.5%, while in the group with different stages of the disease clinically and radiologically, the average duration of stay on mechanical ventilation was 4 days (p = 0.011) and the mortality rate was 18.5%. It was found to be 60% (p=0.038). As a result of CT, the extent of the disease stage changed in some of the patients, and findings suggesting that this staging would be useful in terms of treatment planning and prognosis were detected. It is thought that this study will contribute to future multicenter studies involving more patients to better understand the effect of CT.
Description
Keywords
Fournier gangreni, Bilgisayarlı tomografi, Fournier's gangrene, Computed tomography