Türkiye’de ihracata yönelik devlet desteklerinin etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi
Date
2024-08-07
Authors
Saygın, Hilal
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
İhracat, yani ülkede bulunan yerleşiklerin gerçekleştirdikleri dış satımlar tarih boyunca ülkeler için her zaman önemini korumuştur. Ülkelerin ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmasında çok önemli rol oynayan ihracat, devletler tarafından çeşitli politika, yöntem ve araçlarla geçmiş yıllardan beri desteklenmektedir. İhracatın desteklenmesi doğrultusunda sunulan destek programları ile ülkelerin toplam ihracatının, ihracatçı sayısının, ürün ve pazar çeşitliliğinin artırılması, küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin de ihracata yönlendirilmesi ve uluslararası pazarlarda rekabet gücü elde etmesi gibi hususlar hedeflenmektedir. Türkiye’de özellikle 1980’li yıllardan itibaren uygulanan dış ticaret politikalarında ihracatın desteklenmesine önem verilmiştir. Uzun yıllardan beri uygulanan ihracat desteklerinde uluslararası kuruluşlara üye olunması, güncel gelişmeler vb. faktörlerin etkisiyle zaman içerisinde değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Türkiye’de halihazırda farklı kurum ve kuruluşlar tarafından ihracata yönelik oldukça kapsamlı ve çeşitli destek programları yürütülmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışma ile ihracata yönelik sunulan devlet desteklerinden firmalar tarafından yararlanılması ve desteklerin firmaların ihracat performansına etkisi hususlarında etkinlik araştırması yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye’de sunulan ihracata yönelik devlet desteklerine ilişkin ölçeklerden yararlanılarak anket hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan anket, ihracat yapan ve ihracat desteklerinden yararlanan 400 firmaya araştırma şirketi aracılığıyla uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda firmaların ihracata yönelik devlet desteklerinden yararlanma sürecinde döviz kuru, destek unsurları gibi konularda birtakım sorunlar yaşadığı, bununla birlikte desteklerin etkin bir şekilde kullanıldığı ve firmaların ihracat performansına, yurt dışı satışlarında ülke çeşitliliğine, istihdamına olumlu katkılar sağladığı görülmüştür. Firmaların ihracat desteklerinden yararlanma sürecinin kısaltılması, destek unsurları hakkında yeterince bilgi sahibi olması sorunların aşılmasına fayda sağlayarak desteklerin etkinliğini artıracaktır.
Exports, i.e. foreign sales realized by residents in the country, have always been Exports, i.e. foreign sales realized by residents in the country, have always been important for countries throughout history. Exports, which play a very important role in the economic growth and development of countries, have been supported by governments through various policies, methods and instruments since the past years. With the support programs offered to support exports, it is aimed to increase the total exports of countries, the number of exporters, product and market diversity, to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to export and to gain competitive power in international markets. The foreign trade policies implemented in Turkey, especially since the 1980s, have emphasized the support of exports. Export subsidies, which have been in place for many years, have undergone changes over time due to factors such as becoming a member of international organizations, current developments, etc. Currently, different institutions and organizations in Turkey provide a wide range of support programs for exports. In this context, the study aims to conduct an effectiveness research on the utilization of export-oriented government supports by firms and the impact of these supports on firms' export performance. In this direction, a questionnaire was prepared by utilizing the scales related to the state supports for exports offered in Turkey. The questionnaire was administered to 400 exporting firms that utilize export subsidies through a research company. As a result of the research, it has been observed that firms experience some problems in the process of benefiting from government supports for exports such as exchange rates and support elements, however, the supports are used effectively and contribute positively to firms' export performance, country diversity in foreign sales, and employment. Shortening the process of firms' utilization of export supports and providing them with sufficient information about the support elements will help overcome the problems and increase the effectiveness of the supports.
Exports, i.e. foreign sales realized by residents in the country, have always been Exports, i.e. foreign sales realized by residents in the country, have always been important for countries throughout history. Exports, which play a very important role in the economic growth and development of countries, have been supported by governments through various policies, methods and instruments since the past years. With the support programs offered to support exports, it is aimed to increase the total exports of countries, the number of exporters, product and market diversity, to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to export and to gain competitive power in international markets. The foreign trade policies implemented in Turkey, especially since the 1980s, have emphasized the support of exports. Export subsidies, which have been in place for many years, have undergone changes over time due to factors such as becoming a member of international organizations, current developments, etc. Currently, different institutions and organizations in Turkey provide a wide range of support programs for exports. In this context, the study aims to conduct an effectiveness research on the utilization of export-oriented government supports by firms and the impact of these supports on firms' export performance. In this direction, a questionnaire was prepared by utilizing the scales related to the state supports for exports offered in Turkey. The questionnaire was administered to 400 exporting firms that utilize export subsidies through a research company. As a result of the research, it has been observed that firms experience some problems in the process of benefiting from government supports for exports such as exchange rates and support elements, however, the supports are used effectively and contribute positively to firms' export performance, country diversity in foreign sales, and employment. Shortening the process of firms' utilization of export supports and providing them with sufficient information about the support elements will help overcome the problems and increase the effectiveness of the supports.
Description
Keywords
Dış ticaret, İhracat, Devlet destekleri, İhracata yönelik destekler, Etkinlik, Foreign trade, Exports, Government supports, Supports for export, Event