Alternatif ve kafes yetiştirme sistemleri ile üretilen perakende yumurtaların kalite özellikleri
Date
2020-01-29
Authors
Tekin, Eda İlhan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Alternatif (organik, serbest dolaşımlı ve kümes) ve kafes yetiştirme sistemleri ile üretilmiş A sınıfı kahverengi ve beyaz perakende yumurtaların dış ve iç kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve Yumurta Tebliği ile Yumurta Standardı'na uyumluluğunun değerlendirilmesi amacı ile yapılan bu çalışmada her bir yetiştirme sistemine ait 50'şer adet olmak üzere 200 kahverengi, 150 (serbest dolaşımlı hariç 3 sistemden) beyaz, toplam 350 adet yumurta incelendi. Yetiştirme sisteminin, kahverengi yumurtalarda, şekil indeksi, kabuk ağırlığı, kabuk kırılma direnci ve Haugh Birimi (HB), beyaz yumurtalarda ise şekil indeksi, kabuk kalınlığı ve hava boşluğu yüksekliği dışında incelenen tüm özellikler üzerine etkisinin istatistiksel olarak önemli (p<0.05) olduğu belirlendi. Tüm örneklerin yumurta ağırlığı, Türk Gıda Kodeksi Yumurta Tebliği 2014/55'ne uygun bulunurken, serbest dolaşıma ait kahverengi yumurtalarda hava boşluğu yüksekliğinin sınır değerin üzerinde (6.75 mm) olup uygun olmadığı saptandı. Kafes sistemindeki beyaz yumurtaların HB değerleri, Türk Standardı Tavuk Yumurtası - Kabuklu (TS1068) ile uyumlu iken bu değerin serbest dolaşım ve kafes sistemlerine ait kahverengi yumurtalarda gerekliliklerin altında olduğu saptandı. Kafes sistemindeki kahverengi yumurtaların diğerlerine göre daha yüksek şekil indeksi değerine (% 79-küresel), beyazların daha düşük kabuk ağırlığına (7.26 g) sahip olduğu; serbest dolaşım ve kafes sistemlerindeki kahverengi yumurtaların kabuklarının daha kalın (0.32 mm), organik sistemdeki beyaz ile kafes sistemindeki kahverengi yumurtaların kabuk kırılma direnci yönünden en dayanıklı olduğu; en koyu sarı rengin kafes sisteminde üretilen beyaz yumurtalarda, en açık sarı rengin ise organik yumurtalarda bulunduğu belirlendi. Sonuçta, tüm kalite kriterlerine uygun yumurta üretebilecek 'tek bir ideal' yetiştirme sistemi olmadığı, sistemlerin kendi içlerinde dış ve iç kalite özelliklerini etkileyecek avantaj/dezavantajlarının bulunabildiği belirlendi.
This study, which was conducted to determine the compliance of outer and inner quality traits of retail brown and white grade A table eggs with respect to Turkish Egg Regulation and Standard, a total of 350 eggs comprised of 200 brown (50 from each system), and 150 white (each 50, except free-range) produced by alternative (organic, free-range and barn) and cage systems, were analyzed. Effect of rearing system was statistically significant in brown eggs for shape index, shell weight, shell strength and Haugh Unit (HU), and in white eggs for all outer and inner quality traits except shape index, shell thickness and air cell height (p<0.05). All samples complied with the egg weight requirements, while air cell height of free-range brown eggs was found higher (6.75 mm), thus non-compliant than the indicated upper limit indicated in Turkish Food Codex Egg Directive 2014/55. Cage system white eggs' HU values were in compliance with the Turkish Standard for Chicken Egg - in Shell (TS1068), while this value was lower than the required limits in free-range and cage brown eggs. Cage brown eggs had higher shape index (%79-spherical), while white eggs had lower shell weight (7.26 g); free-range and cage brown eggs had thicker shells (0.32 mm), and organic white and cage brown eggs had the strongest shell; the darkest and the faintest yellow were in cage white and organic eggs, respectively. In conclusion, there is no 'one ideal' rearing system to produce eggs compliant to all quality traits, and thus the systems can have advantages/disadvantages effecting outer and inner quality of eggs.
This study, which was conducted to determine the compliance of outer and inner quality traits of retail brown and white grade A table eggs with respect to Turkish Egg Regulation and Standard, a total of 350 eggs comprised of 200 brown (50 from each system), and 150 white (each 50, except free-range) produced by alternative (organic, free-range and barn) and cage systems, were analyzed. Effect of rearing system was statistically significant in brown eggs for shape index, shell weight, shell strength and Haugh Unit (HU), and in white eggs for all outer and inner quality traits except shape index, shell thickness and air cell height (p<0.05). All samples complied with the egg weight requirements, while air cell height of free-range brown eggs was found higher (6.75 mm), thus non-compliant than the indicated upper limit indicated in Turkish Food Codex Egg Directive 2014/55. Cage system white eggs' HU values were in compliance with the Turkish Standard for Chicken Egg - in Shell (TS1068), while this value was lower than the required limits in free-range and cage brown eggs. Cage brown eggs had higher shape index (%79-spherical), while white eggs had lower shell weight (7.26 g); free-range and cage brown eggs had thicker shells (0.32 mm), and organic white and cage brown eggs had the strongest shell; the darkest and the faintest yellow were in cage white and organic eggs, respectively. In conclusion, there is no 'one ideal' rearing system to produce eggs compliant to all quality traits, and thus the systems can have advantages/disadvantages effecting outer and inner quality of eggs.
Description
Keywords
Tavuk yumurtası, Alternatif yumurta üretim sistemleri, Organik yumurta, Kafesli yetiştiricilik, Yumurta kalite özellikleri, Chicken egg, Alternative egg production systems, Organic egg, Cage systems, Guality traits of egg
Citation
Tekin, E.İ. (2020). Alternatif ve kafes yetiştirme sistemleri ile üretilen perakende yumurtaların kalite özellikleri. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.