Publication: Bursa’nın su mirasının geleneksel konutlardaki mekansal yansımalarının değerlendirilmesi ve korunması
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Authors
Authors
Şahin, Ceyda
Advisor
Çorakbaş, Figen Kıvılcım
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Su mirası, tarih boyunca su kaynaklarının yönetimi, kullanımı ve bu kaynakların çevresindeki yaşam üzerinde büyük bir etkiye sahip olmuştur. Bursa’da bilinen, en eski su kaynağı, Roma dönemine ait Hannibal’ın bulduğu Pınarbaşı suyudur. Bu suyun Hisar içerisine taşınmasıyla oluşturulan hat, araştırma kazılarında toprak künklerin bulunmasıyla tespit edilmiştir. Pınarbaşı suyunun kullanımı Osmanlı döneminde de devam etmiştir. Bursa’da tespit edilen ve benzerlerine Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan Gaziantep’te de rastlanan, yapılar arası suyun iletilmesi konusunda oluşturulan sistem, farklı gezgin ve araştırmacılarca, gözlemlere dayalı olarak anlatılmaya çalışılmış; ancak sistemin çalışma prensibine yönelik görüşler yetersiz kalmıştır. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda, ulusal ve uluslararası literatürde, suyun kent, çevre ve anıt ölçeğinde korunması ve yönetimi konusunda çalışmaların bulunduğu; ancak konut ölçeğinde sivil su mimarisinin karşılığının bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Bu kapsamda literatürdeki boşluğu dolduracak, konuyu bütüncül olarak ele alacak, bilimsel bir çalışmanın gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bursa şehrinin kurulduğu Hisar bölgesi çalışma kapsamında odak noktası olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, su yolları üzerinde yer alan, Bursa’nın geleneksel konutlarının su taşıma sistemlerinin incelenmesi ve suyun konut özelinde mekânsal-mimari dağılımlarının tespit edilerek, koruma önerilerinin getirilmesidir. Tez kapsamında, literatür taraması, haritalama (mapping), arşiv incelemesi, arazi çalışması, sözlü görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Pınarbaşı su kaynağı ve Hisar bölgesi 1 no.’lu Çalışma Alanı, Demirkapı Ayazma su kaynağı ve çevresi 2 no.’lu Çalışma Alanı, Çekirge Mahallesi’nde yer alan Vakıfbahçe sıcak su kaynağı ve çevresi 3 no.’lu Çalışma Alanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda su mirasının sivil (konut) ölçekte, havuz, çeşme, hamam birimi olarak yansımaları analiz edilerek, Pınarbaşı su yollarının restitüsyonu yapılmış; su mirasının bütüncül olarak korunması ve sürdürülebilirliğine yönelik koruma önerileri getirilmiştir.
Throughout history, water heritage has had a major impact on the management and use of water resources and the life around them. The oldest known water source in Bursa is Pınarbaşı water found by Hannibal in the Roman period. The line created by transporting this water into Hisar was identified by discovering earthen funnels during the excavations. The use of Pınarbaşı water continued during the Ottoman period. Different travellers and researchers have tried to explain the system for the transmission of water between buildings, which was identified in Bursa and similar ones were also found in Gaziantep in the Southeastern Anatolia region, based on observations; however, the opinions on the working principle of the system have been insufficient. As a result of the research, it has been observed that there are studies on the protection and management of water at the urban, environmental and monument scales in the national and international literature; however, there is no equivalent of civil water architecture at the residential scale. In this context, the necessity of a scientific study that will fill the gap in the literature and address the issue holistically has emerged. The Hisar region, where the city of Bursa was founded, was the focal point of the study. This study aims to examine the water transportation systems of the traditional houses of Bursa located on waterways, to determine the spatial-architectural distribution of water in the housing and make conservation suggestions. Within the scope of the thesis, a literature review, mapping, archival research, fieldwork and oral interviews were conducted. Pınarbaşı water source and Hisar region were identified as Study Area No. 1, Demirkapı Ayazma water source and its surroundings as Study Area No. 2, and Vakıfbahçe hot water source and its surroundings in Çekirge Neighborhood as Study Area No. 3. As a result of the study, the reflections of the water heritage on the civil (residential) scale as pools, fountains and bath units were analysed, the restitution of Pınarbaşı waterways was made, and conservation suggestions were made for the protection and sustainability of the water heritage as a whole.
Throughout history, water heritage has had a major impact on the management and use of water resources and the life around them. The oldest known water source in Bursa is Pınarbaşı water found by Hannibal in the Roman period. The line created by transporting this water into Hisar was identified by discovering earthen funnels during the excavations. The use of Pınarbaşı water continued during the Ottoman period. Different travellers and researchers have tried to explain the system for the transmission of water between buildings, which was identified in Bursa and similar ones were also found in Gaziantep in the Southeastern Anatolia region, based on observations; however, the opinions on the working principle of the system have been insufficient. As a result of the research, it has been observed that there are studies on the protection and management of water at the urban, environmental and monument scales in the national and international literature; however, there is no equivalent of civil water architecture at the residential scale. In this context, the necessity of a scientific study that will fill the gap in the literature and address the issue holistically has emerged. The Hisar region, where the city of Bursa was founded, was the focal point of the study. This study aims to examine the water transportation systems of the traditional houses of Bursa located on waterways, to determine the spatial-architectural distribution of water in the housing and make conservation suggestions. Within the scope of the thesis, a literature review, mapping, archival research, fieldwork and oral interviews were conducted. Pınarbaşı water source and Hisar region were identified as Study Area No. 1, Demirkapı Ayazma water source and its surroundings as Study Area No. 2, and Vakıfbahçe hot water source and its surroundings in Çekirge Neighborhood as Study Area No. 3. As a result of the study, the reflections of the water heritage on the civil (residential) scale as pools, fountains and bath units were analysed, the restitution of Pınarbaşı waterways was made, and conservation suggestions were made for the protection and sustainability of the water heritage as a whole.
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Keywords
Su mirası, Geleneksel konut mimarisi, Bursa, Koruma, Konut hamamları, Water heritage, Traditional residence architecture, Conservation, Residence baths