Doğal, konveksiyonlu, mikrodalga ve kombine mikrodalga-konveksiyonlu kurutma yöntemlerinin Trabzon hurmasının biyoaktivitesi üzerine etkisi
Date
2022-05-30
Authors
Yılmaz, Aslıhan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
İlk nem içeriği %83,97 ± 0,01 olan 100 g kütleye sahip Trabzon hurması (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Fuyu) dilimleri son nem içeriği %11,03 ± 0,01 oluncaya dek doğal, konvektif, mikrodalga ve kombine mikrodalga – konvektif kurutma yöntemleriyle kurutulmuştur. En uzun kuruma süresi 6 510 dakika ile doğal kurutmada ölçülürken, en kısa kuruma süresi 14 dakika ile 5 W g-1 – 130°C’de elde edilmiştir. Kurutma verileri 21 farklı ince tabaka kurutma eşitliği ile modellenmiş ve en başarılı modeller doğal kurutma için Logistic, 70°C, 130°C, 4 W g-1 – 70°C, 4 W g-1 – 100°C ve 4 W g-1 – 130°C için Alibas modeli, 100°C için Weibull dağılımı, 3 W g-1 için Jena ve Das modeli, 3 W g-1 – 70°C için Verma vd. modeli ve 5 W g-1 – 130°C ise Page modeli olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer kurutma yöntemleri için en uygun modelin Geliştirilmiş Henderson ve Pabis modeli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Termal özelliklerin tümünde doğal kurutma yönteminde en yüksek değerlere ulaşılmıştır. Parlaklık için 3 W g-1 – 70°C, kırmızılık, sarılık, kroma, toplam renk değişimi ve beyazlaşma indeksi için 5 W g-1 – 70°C, renk açısı için doğal kurutma ve esmerleşme indeksi için ise 5 W g-1 – 130°C’de en iyi sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Taze ürüne en yakın protein ve makro besin elementleri ise 5 W g-1 ve 5 W g-1 – 70°C’de ölçülmüştür. Sodyum için en yüksek değer 5 W g-1’de belirlenirken; demir ve mangan için 5 W g-1 – 70°C, bakır için 4 W g-1 – 70°C ve çinko için doğal kurutma yönteminde en yüksek sonuçlar bulunmuştur. Toplam fenolik içeriği açısından en yüksek yüzde biyoalınabilirlik 5 W g-1’de tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan kapasitesi açısından en yüksek yüzde biyoalınabilirlik DPPH ve ABTS yönteminde 130°C’de, CUPRAC yönteminde ise 5 W g-1 – 100°C’de elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, en yüksek antioksidan kapasitesi sonuçları DPPH yönteminde ölçüldüğünden, bu yöntem en uygun yöntem olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek antosiyanin içeriği 4 W g-1’de ölçülürken; en düşük sonuçlar 70°C’de elde edilmiştir. Taze ürüne en yakın likopen içeriği 4 W g-1 – 70°C’de bulunurken, en yüksek beta karoten ve E vitamini 5 W g-1 – 70°C’de saptanmıştır. En yüksek C vitamini ve pridoksin 3 W g-1’de ölçülürken, tazeye en yakın tiamin, niasin ve folik asit ise sırasıyla doğal, 130°C ve 100°C’de tespit edilmiştir.
Persimmon slices (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Fuyu), whose mass was 100 g and initial moisture content was 83,97 ± 0,01%, were dried by natural, convective, microwave, and combined microwave – convective drying methods until the final moisture content was 11,03 ± 0,01%. While the longest drying time was measured at natural drying with 6 510 minutes, the shortest drying time was obtained at 5 W g-1 – 130°C with 14 minutes. Drying data are modeled with 21 different thin-layer drying equations, and the most successful models were Logistic for natural drying, Alibas model for 70°C, 130°C, 4 W g-1 – 70°C, 4 W g-1 – 100°C, and 4 W g-1 – 130°C, Weibull distribution for 100°C, Jena and Das model for 3 W g-1, Verma et al. model for 3 W g-1 – 70°C and Page model for 5 W g-1 – 130°C. The most suitable model for all other drying methods was the Modified Henderson and Pabis model. In all of the thermal properties, the highest values were reached in the natural drying method. The best results were achieved at 3 W g-1 – 70°C for brightness, 5 W g-1 – 70°C for redness, yellowness, Chroma, total color change, and whitening index, natural drying for hue angle, and 5 W g-1 – 130°C for browning index. The protein and macronutrient elements closest to the fresh product were measured at 5 W g-1 and 5 W g-1 – 70°C. While the highest value for sodium is measured at 5 W g-1, iron and manganese were best preserved at 5 W g-1 – 70°C, copper at 4 W g-1 – 70°C, and zinc in the natural drying method. The highest percentage bioavailability for the total phenolic content was determined at 5 W g-1. In terms of antioxidant capacity, the highest percent bioavailability was obtained at 130°C in the DPPH and ABTS method and at 5 W g-1 – 100°C in the CUPRAC method. In addition, the DPPH method was determined as the most appropriate antioxidant capacity method in the study since it gave the highest results. The drying method in which the anthocyanin content was best preserved was 4 W g-1, while the lowest results were achieved at 70°C. The closest lycopene content to the fresh product was found at 4 W g-1 – 70°C, while the highest beta carotene and vitamin E were found at 5 W g-1 – 70°C. The highest levels of vitamin C and pyridoxine were measured at 3 W g-1, while the thiamine, niacin, and folic acid closest to fresh were detected at 130°C and 100°C, respectively.
Persimmon slices (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Fuyu), whose mass was 100 g and initial moisture content was 83,97 ± 0,01%, were dried by natural, convective, microwave, and combined microwave – convective drying methods until the final moisture content was 11,03 ± 0,01%. While the longest drying time was measured at natural drying with 6 510 minutes, the shortest drying time was obtained at 5 W g-1 – 130°C with 14 minutes. Drying data are modeled with 21 different thin-layer drying equations, and the most successful models were Logistic for natural drying, Alibas model for 70°C, 130°C, 4 W g-1 – 70°C, 4 W g-1 – 100°C, and 4 W g-1 – 130°C, Weibull distribution for 100°C, Jena and Das model for 3 W g-1, Verma et al. model for 3 W g-1 – 70°C and Page model for 5 W g-1 – 130°C. The most suitable model for all other drying methods was the Modified Henderson and Pabis model. In all of the thermal properties, the highest values were reached in the natural drying method. The best results were achieved at 3 W g-1 – 70°C for brightness, 5 W g-1 – 70°C for redness, yellowness, Chroma, total color change, and whitening index, natural drying for hue angle, and 5 W g-1 – 130°C for browning index. The protein and macronutrient elements closest to the fresh product were measured at 5 W g-1 and 5 W g-1 – 70°C. While the highest value for sodium is measured at 5 W g-1, iron and manganese were best preserved at 5 W g-1 – 70°C, copper at 4 W g-1 – 70°C, and zinc in the natural drying method. The highest percentage bioavailability for the total phenolic content was determined at 5 W g-1. In terms of antioxidant capacity, the highest percent bioavailability was obtained at 130°C in the DPPH and ABTS method and at 5 W g-1 – 100°C in the CUPRAC method. In addition, the DPPH method was determined as the most appropriate antioxidant capacity method in the study since it gave the highest results. The drying method in which the anthocyanin content was best preserved was 4 W g-1, while the lowest results were achieved at 70°C. The closest lycopene content to the fresh product was found at 4 W g-1 – 70°C, while the highest beta carotene and vitamin E were found at 5 W g-1 – 70°C. The highest levels of vitamin C and pyridoxine were measured at 3 W g-1, while the thiamine, niacin, and folic acid closest to fresh were detected at 130°C and 100°C, respectively.
Description
Keywords
Trabzon hurması, Kurutma, Besin elementi, Biyoaktif bileşenler, Vitamin profili, Persimmon, Drying, Protein, Nutrients, Bioactive compounds, Vitamin profile
Citation
Yılmaz, A. (2022). Doğal, konveksiyonlu, mikrodalga ve kombine mikrodalga-konveksiyonlu kurutma yöntemlerinin Trabzon hurmasının biyoaktivitesi üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.