Kafkas bal arısında (Apis mellifera caucasica) varroa parazitine karşı direnç için seleksiyon farkının belirlenmesi
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Date
2024
Authors
Gökdemir, Filiz Gülbin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Kafkas bal arısı (Apis mellifera caucasica) kolonilerinde varroa (Varroa destructor) yüküne göre seleksiyon farkını bulmak amacı ile 200 kolonilik bir arılık içerisinden koloni popülasyonu ve yavru alanları benzer sayıda olan 50 koloni çalışma için seçilmiştir. Seçilen bu kolonilerdeki varroa yükü pudra şekeri sallama metodu ile belirlenmiş olup üç ve daha az sayıda varroa yükü bulunan koloniler dirençli, diğerleri ise dirençsiz olarak kaydedilmiştir. Aynı yerde ve aynı koşullar altındaki deneme ve kontrol kolonileri kışlamaya bırakılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan deneme ve kontrol kolonilerinde varroa sayıları pudra şekeri yöntemi ile sayılarak yeniden belirlenmiş ve iki grup arasında karşılaştırılmıştır. Kalan 46 koloniden 25’i varroa parazitine karşı dirençli21’i dirençsiz koloni olarak öngörülmüştür. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre dirençli ve dirençsiz olarak öngörülen iki gurup arasında Ekim 2022 döneminde arı nüfusu ve yavrulu alanı ortalamaları arasındaki fark önemsiz fakat varroa sayısı bakımından ise önemli (p<0,01) olarak bulunmuştur. Eylül 2022 ve Haziran 2023 dönemleri karşılaştırıldığında ise arı nüfusu bakımından fark önemsiz, yavrulu alan bakımından önemli (p<0,05) ve varroa açısından ise önemsiz bulunmuştur. Çalışma başlangıcında dirençli olduğu öngörülüp deneme sonunda da dirençli grupta kalan 17, dirençsiz olduğu öngörülüp deneme sonunda yine dirençsiz grupta kalan koloni sayısı ise 8 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre iki grup arasında on aylık bir dönemde ortaya çıkan seleksiyon başarısı % 54,3 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumda dirençli grubun doğru belirlenmesi % 68 iken, dirençsiz gurup ise % 38,1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmanın daha fazla koloni, daha uzun süre ve genetik çeşitliliğin yüksek olduğu izole bir bölgede çalışılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
The goal of this study was to determine selection differential according to varroa (Varroa destructor) load in Caucasian honey bee (Apis mellifera caucasica) colonies and 50 colonies with similar colony populations and brood areas were selected for the study from an apiary of 200 colonies. The varroa load in these colonies was determined by powdered sugar shaking method and colonies with three or less varroa loads were recorded as resistant and the remaining non-resistant. The experimental and control colonies were overwintered in the same place and under the same conditions. The numbers of varroa in the experimental and control colonies used in the study were re-determined by counting with the powdered sugar method and compared between the two groups. Out of the remaining 46 colonies, 25 colonies were resistant to varroa parasite and 21 colonies were predicted as non-resistant colonies. According to the findings obtained in the study, the difference between the two groups predicted as resistant and non-resistant was found to be insignificant in terms of bee population and brood area averages in October 2022, but significant (p<0.01) in terms of varroa number. When September 2022 and June 2023 periods were compared, the difference was found to be insignificant in terms of bee population, significant (p<0.05) in terms of brood area and insignificant in terms of varroa. The number of colonies that were predicted to be resistant at the beginning of thestudy and remained in the resistant group at the end of the experiment was 17, and thenumber of colonies that were predicted to be non-resistant and remained in the non-resistant group at the end of the experiment was 8. According to these results, the selection success between the two groups in an ten-month period was 54,3%. In this case, the correct identification of the resistant group was 68%, while the non-resistant group was 38,1%. In conclusion, it is thought that this study should be carried out with more colonies, for a longer period of time with high genetic diversity in an isolated area.
The goal of this study was to determine selection differential according to varroa (Varroa destructor) load in Caucasian honey bee (Apis mellifera caucasica) colonies and 50 colonies with similar colony populations and brood areas were selected for the study from an apiary of 200 colonies. The varroa load in these colonies was determined by powdered sugar shaking method and colonies with three or less varroa loads were recorded as resistant and the remaining non-resistant. The experimental and control colonies were overwintered in the same place and under the same conditions. The numbers of varroa in the experimental and control colonies used in the study were re-determined by counting with the powdered sugar method and compared between the two groups. Out of the remaining 46 colonies, 25 colonies were resistant to varroa parasite and 21 colonies were predicted as non-resistant colonies. According to the findings obtained in the study, the difference between the two groups predicted as resistant and non-resistant was found to be insignificant in terms of bee population and brood area averages in October 2022, but significant (p<0.01) in terms of varroa number. When September 2022 and June 2023 periods were compared, the difference was found to be insignificant in terms of bee population, significant (p<0.05) in terms of brood area and insignificant in terms of varroa. The number of colonies that were predicted to be resistant at the beginning of thestudy and remained in the resistant group at the end of the experiment was 17, and thenumber of colonies that were predicted to be non-resistant and remained in the non-resistant group at the end of the experiment was 8. According to these results, the selection success between the two groups in an ten-month period was 54,3%. In this case, the correct identification of the resistant group was 68%, while the non-resistant group was 38,1%. In conclusion, it is thought that this study should be carried out with more colonies, for a longer period of time with high genetic diversity in an isolated area.
Description
Keywords
Bal arısı, Apis mellifera caucasica, Varroa destructor, Direnç, Seleksiyon, Honey bee, Selection, Resistance
Citation
Gökdemir, F. G. (2024). Kafkas bal arısında (Apis mellifera caucasica) varroa parazitine karşı direnç için seleksiyon farkının belirlenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.