Sualtı arkeolojisi ve Marmara Denizi
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Date
2020-10-15
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Sualtı Arkeolojisi 20. yüzyılın başlarında keşfedilen sanat eserleri taşıyan batıkların keşfiyle dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır. 1960 yılında gerçekleştirilen Gelidonya Batığı kazısı ile ise bilimsel kimlik kazanmıştır. Zaman içinde popülaritesini arttıran arkeolojik sualtı çalışmaları Anadolu kıyılarında gün geçtikçe artmış ve keşfedilen Uluburun Batığı ve Antalya Batığı gibi batıklar ile Anadolu kıyılarındaki denizcilik tarihini değiştirmiştir. Uzun yıllar Akdeniz ve Ege kıyılarında yoğunlaşan arkeolojik sualtı çalışmalarının Marmara Denizi’ne ulaşması ancak 1980’lerde olmuştur. Marmara Denizi, Neolitik Dönem’de çevresinde kurulan yerleşimler için besin kaynağı olarak oldukça önemli bir konumdadır. Birinci bin içindeki kolonizasyon hareketleri esnasında kıyılarına birçok yeni koloni kenti kurulduğu bilinmektedir. Fakat, Marmara Denizi’nin denizcilik tarihi büyük oranda gizemini korumaktadır. Geç Roma Dönemi ve Bizans Dönemi’ne tarihlenen batıkların çokluğu başkente ev sahipliği yapan Marmara Denizi’nde artan denizcilik faaliyetlerine işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Marmara Denizi’ne dikkatleri çekmektir. Yenikapı Kazıları buluntu grubu bakımından Sualtı Arkeolojisi konusuna girse de kullanılan teknik farklılığı nedeniyle çalışma kapsamına dâhil edilmemiştir.
Underwater Archaeology first started to gain public attention with the discovery of shipwrecks carrying works of art in the early-20th century, although the scientific value of the field truly became apparent with the excavation of the Gelidonya Wreck in 1960. Since that time, the number of underwater archaeological researches has increased steadily in number, and these studies have left their mark on the history of maritime activity on the Anatolian peninsula with the discovery of, for example, the Uluburun wreck and the Antalya wreck. Underwater archaeological researches in Turkey were concentrated on the Mediterranean and Aegean coasts for many years, expanding to the Marmara Sea only in the 1980s. The Marmara Sea was a significant source of food for the settlements established around it in the Neolithic Period, and the period following the first millennium BC is particularly important in maritime history, when many new cities were established on its shores during the colonization movements. While the maritime history of the Marmara Sea is still largely shrouded in mystery, the abundance of shipwrecks dating back to the Late-Roman and Byzantine periods point to an increase in maritime activity in the Marmara Sea at the time, when it was host to the capital of the East Roman Empire. There is, however, a lack of knowledge of earlier periods, but this may be attributed to the scarcity of studies conducted to date. The focus of the present study is the Marmara Sea and the important position it has held in every period due to its geopolitical location. Although the Yenikapı Excavations are considered underwater archaeology in terms of the foundling group, they were excluded from this study due to the difference in the adopted technical approaches.
Underwater Archaeology first started to gain public attention with the discovery of shipwrecks carrying works of art in the early-20th century, although the scientific value of the field truly became apparent with the excavation of the Gelidonya Wreck in 1960. Since that time, the number of underwater archaeological researches has increased steadily in number, and these studies have left their mark on the history of maritime activity on the Anatolian peninsula with the discovery of, for example, the Uluburun wreck and the Antalya wreck. Underwater archaeological researches in Turkey were concentrated on the Mediterranean and Aegean coasts for many years, expanding to the Marmara Sea only in the 1980s. The Marmara Sea was a significant source of food for the settlements established around it in the Neolithic Period, and the period following the first millennium BC is particularly important in maritime history, when many new cities were established on its shores during the colonization movements. While the maritime history of the Marmara Sea is still largely shrouded in mystery, the abundance of shipwrecks dating back to the Late-Roman and Byzantine periods point to an increase in maritime activity in the Marmara Sea at the time, when it was host to the capital of the East Roman Empire. There is, however, a lack of knowledge of earlier periods, but this may be attributed to the scarcity of studies conducted to date. The focus of the present study is the Marmara Sea and the important position it has held in every period due to its geopolitical location. Although the Yenikapı Excavations are considered underwater archaeology in terms of the foundling group, they were excluded from this study due to the difference in the adopted technical approaches.
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Keywords
Sualtı Arkeolojisi, Underwater archaeology, Marmara Denizi, Antik şehirler, Denizcilik, Batık, Marmara Sea, Ancient cities, Maritime, Wreck
Citation
Gündüz, S. (2021). "Sualtı arkeolojisi ve Marmara Denizi" Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(40),633-662.