Veteran sporcularda farklı tip akut egzersizin serum beyin kaynaklı nörotrofik faktör (BDNF) düzeyleri ve nörobilişsel işlevler üzerine etkisi
Date
2021-04-14
Authors
Birinci, Yakup Zühtü
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, masa tenisi, koşu ve satranç akut egzersizlerinin veteran sporcuların serum beyin kaynaklı nörotrofik faktör (BDNF), vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü (VEGF), irisin düzeylerine ve nörobilişsel işlev performanslarına etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. 50-65 yaş aralığındaki 30 veteran sporcu (masa tenisi, uzun mesafe koşu ve satranç) ve 10 sağlıklı erkek yetişkin, veteran masa tenisi (VMG, n:10), veteran atlet (VAG, n:10), veteran satranç (VSG, n:10) ve sedanter kontrol (SKG, n:10) grupları şeklinde çalışmaya gönüllü olarak dahil edilmiştir. VMG kalp atım hızı rezervinin (KAHrezerv) %70-75’inde akut masa tenisi (40 dakika), VAG eş şiddet ve sürede koşu ve VSG satranç egzersizleri uygularken SKG yalnızca dinlendirilmiştir. Katılımcılardan egzersizlerden önce ve hemen sonra sırasıyla serum BDNF, VEGF ve irisin seviyeleri için kan örnekleri alınıp hemen ardından Stroop (ST), İz sürme A ve B (İST A / B), Mental Rotasyon (MR) ve Reaksiyon Zamanı (RZ) testleri uygulanmıştır. Ön test- son test değerlerinin % değişimlerinin gruplar arası karşılaştırmaları için, normal dağılım gösteren değişkenlerde Tek Yönlü Varyans analizi, normal dağılım göstermeyen değişkenlerde Kruskal-Wallis analizi uygulanmıştır. Çoklu karşılaştırma testi olarak Bonferroni testi kullanılmıştır. Grup içi karşılaştırmalar için, normal dağılım gösteren değişkenlerde bağımlı örneklem t testi, normal dağılım göstermeyen değişkenlerde ise Wilcoxon işaretli sıra testi yapılmıştır. P<0.05 değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Akut egzersizler sonrası VMG’ de serum BDNF ve irisin seviyesinde anlamlı artış saptanırken diğer gruplarda değişiklik saptanmamıştır. Akut egzersizler sonrası hiç bir grupta serum VEGF seviyelerinde değişiklik gözlenmemiştir. Deneysel çalışma sonrasında tüm grupların RZ değerlerinde değişiklik saptanmamışken, İST B tamamlama sürelerinde anlamlı düşüşler (daha iyi performans) saptanmıştır. Akut egzersizler sonrası tüm egzersiz gruplarında MR etkin cevaplama performansı artış gösterirken SKG’ de değişiklik saptanmamıştır. VMG ve VAG gruplarında İST A ve ST 5 tamamlama sürelerinde anlamlı düşüş (daha iyi performans) saptanmışken SKG ve VSG’ de değişiklik saptanmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar, veteran sporcularda akut olarak uygulanan yalnızca fiziksel egzersize dayalı aerobik koşu ya da yalnızca bilişsel aktiviteye dayalı satranca kıyasla, bu iki egzersiz çeşidini tek aktivitede birleştirebilen masa tenisinin serum BDNF ve irisin üzerinde sinerjik etki sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir. Dahası farklı tip akut egzersizlerin veteran sporcuların nörokognitif işlev performanslarına olumlu etkisi olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur.
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of acute exercises of table tennis, running, and chess on the serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), irisin levels, and neurocognitive functions of veteran athletes. 10 healthy male adults and 30 veteran athletes (table tennis, long-distance run and chess) aged 50-65 were included in the study as the groups of veteran table tennis (VMG, n:10), veteran long-distance athlete (VAG, n:10), veteran chess (VSG, n:10), and sedentary control (SKG, n:10). VMG performed acute table tennis (40 minutes), VAG performed running in the same amount of intensity and time, and VSG performed chess exercises at 70-75% of heart rate reserve (HRrezerv), while SKG was only rested. Before the exercises, blood samples were taken from the participants for serum BDNF, VEGF, and irisin levels, and then Stroop (ST), Trail Making A and B (IST A/B), Mental Rotation (MR), and Reaction Time (RZ) tests were performed, respectively. The same measurements were repeated immediately after the exercise. In the comparisons between the groups in terms of % variations obtained by subtracting the post-test values from pre-test values, the One-Way Analysis of Variance was applied in the variables with normal distribution and Kruskal-Wallis analysis was applied in the variables with non-normal distribution. Bonferroni Test was used as the multiple comparison test. In the comparisons within groups, Paired Sample T-Test was applied in the variables with normal distribution and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was applied in the variables with non-normal distribution. P<0.05 value was considered statistically significant. In the comparison within groups following the acute exercises, a significant increase was determined in serum BDNF and irisin levels in VMG, while no change was determined in other groups. No change was observed in the serum VEGF levels in all groups. No change was observed in the RZ levels in all groups following the experimental intervention, while significant declines (better performance) in the IST B were determined. MR effective response performance displayed an increase in all exercise groups, while no change was found in SKG. A significant decline (better performance) in the IST A and ST 5 was determined in VMG and VAG groups, while no change was found in SKG and VSG. These findings indicate that compared to the only physical exercise-based aerobic running or only cognitive activity-based chess performed by the veteran athletes acutely, table tennis, which can combine these two types of exercise in a single activity, can provide a synergistic effect on the serum BDNF and irisin. Moreover, it was revealed that various type of acute exercises have positive effects on the neurocognitive functions of veteran athletes.
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of acute exercises of table tennis, running, and chess on the serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), irisin levels, and neurocognitive functions of veteran athletes. 10 healthy male adults and 30 veteran athletes (table tennis, long-distance run and chess) aged 50-65 were included in the study as the groups of veteran table tennis (VMG, n:10), veteran long-distance athlete (VAG, n:10), veteran chess (VSG, n:10), and sedentary control (SKG, n:10). VMG performed acute table tennis (40 minutes), VAG performed running in the same amount of intensity and time, and VSG performed chess exercises at 70-75% of heart rate reserve (HRrezerv), while SKG was only rested. Before the exercises, blood samples were taken from the participants for serum BDNF, VEGF, and irisin levels, and then Stroop (ST), Trail Making A and B (IST A/B), Mental Rotation (MR), and Reaction Time (RZ) tests were performed, respectively. The same measurements were repeated immediately after the exercise. In the comparisons between the groups in terms of % variations obtained by subtracting the post-test values from pre-test values, the One-Way Analysis of Variance was applied in the variables with normal distribution and Kruskal-Wallis analysis was applied in the variables with non-normal distribution. Bonferroni Test was used as the multiple comparison test. In the comparisons within groups, Paired Sample T-Test was applied in the variables with normal distribution and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was applied in the variables with non-normal distribution. P<0.05 value was considered statistically significant. In the comparison within groups following the acute exercises, a significant increase was determined in serum BDNF and irisin levels in VMG, while no change was determined in other groups. No change was observed in the serum VEGF levels in all groups. No change was observed in the RZ levels in all groups following the experimental intervention, while significant declines (better performance) in the IST B were determined. MR effective response performance displayed an increase in all exercise groups, while no change was found in SKG. A significant decline (better performance) in the IST A and ST 5 was determined in VMG and VAG groups, while no change was found in SKG and VSG. These findings indicate that compared to the only physical exercise-based aerobic running or only cognitive activity-based chess performed by the veteran athletes acutely, table tennis, which can combine these two types of exercise in a single activity, can provide a synergistic effect on the serum BDNF and irisin. Moreover, it was revealed that various type of acute exercises have positive effects on the neurocognitive functions of veteran athletes.
Description
Keywords
Beyin kaynaklı nörotrofik faktör, Egzersiz, İrisin, Nörobilişsel işlevler, Vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Irisin, Exercise, Neurocognitive functions, Vascular endothelial growth factor
Citation
Birinci, Y. Z. (2021). Veteran sporcularda farklı tip akut egzersizin serum beyin kaynaklı nörotrofik faktör (BDNF) düzeyleri ve nörobilişsel işlevler üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.