Koroner arter hastalarında lipid ve protein oksidasyonu ile antioksidan savunma sistemlerinin incelenmesi
Date
2005
Authors
Aslan, Kemal
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Süperoksid anyonu, hidrojen peroksit ve hidroksil radikalleri gibi reaktif oksijen türleri normal hücresel fonksiyon sırasında üretilirler ve yüksek kimyasal reaktiviteleri nedeniyle lipidlerin, proteinlerin ve DNA'nın oksidasyonuna yol açarlar. Paraoksonaz (PON), süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), katalaz, glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx), glutatyon redüktaz (GR), glukoz 6 fosfat dehidrojenaz (G6PD), vitamin E, vitamin C ve total karotenoidler reaktif oksijen türlerinin neden olduğu moleküler ve hücresel hasara karşı koruyucu rol oynayan primer antioksidan enzim ve vitaminlerdir. Ortaya çıkan kanıtlar, eğer antioksidan sistem bozulmuşsa reaktif oksijen türlerinin birçok hastalığın patogenezinde rol oynayan önemli risk faktörleri olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; koroner anjiyografi yapılarak koroner arter hastalığı (KAH) olduğu gösterilen hastalar ile KAH saptanmayan olgularda lipid peroksidasyonu ve protein oksidasyonu ile antioksidan sistemler arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Ayrıca, hasta grubunda oksidan ve antioksidan göstergeler ile tıkalı damar sayısına göre belirlenen KAH' nın şiddeti arasındaki ilişki de değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya klinik olarak koroner anjiyografi endikasyonu konulan 208 hasta alındı. Koroner anjiogramı normal olan olgular (n= 54) kontrol olarak değerlendirilirken, KAH saptanan hastalar da (n= 154) tıkalı koroner damarların sayısına göre üç sınıfa ayrıldılar; bir damar (n= 50), iki damar (n= 51) ve üç damar (n= 53). Plazma malondialdehid (MDA) ve vitamin E konsantrasyonları yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) ile belirlenirken, diğer oksidan ve antioksidan göstergeler ile lipid parametreleri ise spektrofotometrik yöntemler ile ölçüldü. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, KAH grubunda geleneksel risk faktörleri daha fazlaydı. LDL- kolesterol (K), trigliserid, apolipoprotein (apo) B ve lipoprotein (a) düzeyleri daralmış damar sayısındaki artışla beraber yükselirken, HDL-K ve apo Al düzeyleri ise az bulundu. Ayrıca, kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında KAH' da oksidatif stres göstergeleri de daha fazlaydı. Plazma malondialdehid (MDA) ve serum protein karbonilleri tıkalı damar sayısı arttıkça kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yükseldi. Hastaların apo-B MDA ve eritrosit lipid peroksidasyonu değerleri de özellikle üç damar hasta grubunda diğer gruplara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Eritrosit GPx ve G6PD ile serum katalaz aktiviteleri KAH grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak azalırken, eritrosit GR aktivitesi sadece üç damar hasta grubunda diğer gruplara göre anlamlı olarak az bulundu. KAH' nın eritrosit SOD aktivitelerinin kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük olduğu gözlenmesine karşın, bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı. Bazal-PON ve arilesteraz aktiviteleri özellikle iki ve üç damar hastalarında anlamlı olarak az bulundu. Serum PON/HDL-K ve PON/Apo Al oranlan tıkalı damar sayısı arttıkça az bulundu, fakat gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark gözlenmedi. Plazma vitamin E ve C düzeyleri ile serum total karotenoidleri KAH gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak az bulundu. Ayrıca KAH gruplarında oksidan ve antioksidan parametreler ile lipid parametreleri arasında da anlamlı korelasyonlar saptandı. Sonuç olarak; bulgularımız koroner arter hastalığında oksidan ve antioksidan sistemler arasındaki dengenin oksidanlar lehine bozularak oksidatif stres gelişimine yol açtığı ve oksidatif stresin hastalığın patogenezinde önemli rol oynadığını destekler niteliktedir.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals are produced during normal cellular function and their high chemical reactivity leads to the oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA. Paraoxonase (PON), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), vitamine E, vitamine C and total carotenoids are primary antioxidant enzymes and vitamines that protect against molecular and cellular damage caused by ROS. Emerging evidence indicates that ROS are important risk factors in the pathogenesis of many diseases if the antioxidant system is impaired. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and antioxidant system in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) documented by coronary angiography. We also evaluated the relationship between the oxidant and antioxidant markers and the severity of coronary artery disease according to the obstructive vessel number in patients. The population included 208 patients, undergoing clinically-indicated coronary angiography. While the subjects with normal coronary angiograms (n=54) were evaluated as controls, the patients with CAD (n=154) were divided into three categories according to the number of obstructive coronaries; one vessel (n=50), two vessels (n=51), three vessels (n=53). While plasma MDA and vitamin E concentrations were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), other oxidant and antioxidant markers' and lipid parameters' levels were measured using spectrophotometric methods. According to the findings of the present study, the presentation of conventional risk factors was higher in the CAD group. While LDL-cholesterol (C), triglyceride, apolipoprotein (apo) Band lipoprotein (a) levels were found to be elevated as the stenosed vessel number increased, HDL-C and apo Al levels decreased. Furthermore, indicators of oxidative stress were higher in the patients with angiographically proven CAD compared to controls. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum protein carbonyls were significantly elevated with the obstructive vessel number increased group than those of the controls. Apo-B MDA and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation of the patients were significantly higher especially in the three-vessel disease (VD) group than those of the other groups. Erythrocyte GPx and G6PD and serum catalase activities were significantly decreased in CAD groups compared with the controls whereas erythrocyte GR activity was significantly decreased only in three-VD group compared with the other groups. Although, erythrocyte SOD activities of patients with CAD were observed to be lower than the controls, this difference was not statistically significant. Significantly decreased basal-PON and arylesterase activities were detected especially in patients with two-VD and three-VD groups. Serum PON/HDL-C and PON/ApoAI ratios were decreased as the number of the obstructive vessels increased but significant differences were not observed. Plasma vitamin E and C levels and serum total carotenoids were significantly decreased in CAD groups compared with the controls. Furthermore, there have been found significant correlations between oxidant and antioxidant markers and lipid parameters in the CAD groups. In conclusion; our results supported the hypothesis that CAD is associated with oxidative stress which comes out most propably as a result of imbalance between oxidative damage and antioxidative protection.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals are produced during normal cellular function and their high chemical reactivity leads to the oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA. Paraoxonase (PON), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), vitamine E, vitamine C and total carotenoids are primary antioxidant enzymes and vitamines that protect against molecular and cellular damage caused by ROS. Emerging evidence indicates that ROS are important risk factors in the pathogenesis of many diseases if the antioxidant system is impaired. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and antioxidant system in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) documented by coronary angiography. We also evaluated the relationship between the oxidant and antioxidant markers and the severity of coronary artery disease according to the obstructive vessel number in patients. The population included 208 patients, undergoing clinically-indicated coronary angiography. While the subjects with normal coronary angiograms (n=54) were evaluated as controls, the patients with CAD (n=154) were divided into three categories according to the number of obstructive coronaries; one vessel (n=50), two vessels (n=51), three vessels (n=53). While plasma MDA and vitamin E concentrations were determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), other oxidant and antioxidant markers' and lipid parameters' levels were measured using spectrophotometric methods. According to the findings of the present study, the presentation of conventional risk factors was higher in the CAD group. While LDL-cholesterol (C), triglyceride, apolipoprotein (apo) Band lipoprotein (a) levels were found to be elevated as the stenosed vessel number increased, HDL-C and apo Al levels decreased. Furthermore, indicators of oxidative stress were higher in the patients with angiographically proven CAD compared to controls. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum protein carbonyls were significantly elevated with the obstructive vessel number increased group than those of the controls. Apo-B MDA and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation of the patients were significantly higher especially in the three-vessel disease (VD) group than those of the other groups. Erythrocyte GPx and G6PD and serum catalase activities were significantly decreased in CAD groups compared with the controls whereas erythrocyte GR activity was significantly decreased only in three-VD group compared with the other groups. Although, erythrocyte SOD activities of patients with CAD were observed to be lower than the controls, this difference was not statistically significant. Significantly decreased basal-PON and arylesterase activities were detected especially in patients with two-VD and three-VD groups. Serum PON/HDL-C and PON/ApoAI ratios were decreased as the number of the obstructive vessels increased but significant differences were not observed. Plasma vitamin E and C levels and serum total carotenoids were significantly decreased in CAD groups compared with the controls. Furthermore, there have been found significant correlations between oxidant and antioxidant markers and lipid parameters in the CAD groups. In conclusion; our results supported the hypothesis that CAD is associated with oxidative stress which comes out most propably as a result of imbalance between oxidative damage and antioxidative protection.
Description
Keywords
Koroner arter hastalığı, Lipid peroksidasyonu, Protein oksidasyonu, Antioksidan enzimler, Antioksidan vitaminler, Coronary artery disease, Lipid peroxidation, Protein oxidation, Antioxidant enzymes, Antioxidant vitamins
Citation
Aslan, K. (2005). Koroner arter hastalarında lipid ve protein oksidasyonu ile antioksidan savunma sistemlerinin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi.