Acil serviste yatak başı idrar tripsinojen-2 ölçümü akut pankreatitin ayırıcı tanısı için kullanılabilir mi?
Date
2003
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Akut pankreatit, pankreatik enzimler ile bezin kendi kendini yıkıma uğratması sonucu meydana gelen inflamatuar bir süreçtir. Akut pankreatitin kliniği, kendi kendini sınırlayan hafif türünden ani ölümcül sonuçlar doğurabilecek şiddetli türüne kadar değişik bir spektrum gösterir. Özellikle atipik kliniği olan hastalarda, akut pankreatitin tanısını koymak zor olabilir. Klinisyen, genel durumu çok bozuk olup semptom ve bulguları tam belirlenemediği, erken post operatif dönemde fizik muayene bulgularının tam değerlendirilemediği ya da semptomların başlangıcından sonra uzun zaman geçmiş olan hastalarda, tanıya gitmekte zorlanabilir, ölümcül akut pankreatit olgularının %42'sinde tanının ancak otopsiyle konabildiği bildirilmiştir. Akut pankreatit tanısında hala en sık kullanılan serum amilaz düzeyi ölçümü, böyle durumlarda yeterli derecede duyarlı ve özgül değildir. Son zamanlarda, akut pankreatit tanısının konmasında, idrarda tripsinojen-2 tayininin serum amilaz düzeyi ölçümüne göre daha avantajlı olabileceği yönünde literatürde birçok yayın vardır. Bu yayınlara göre idrarda tripsinojen-2 tayininin başlıca avantajları -duyarlılığının daha yüksek olması, -3 dakika gibi kısa bir sürede sonuç alınması, -uygulamak için bir laboratuara ve laboratuar personeline ihtiyaç olmaması, -serumda 30 güne kadar yüksek düzeyde kalabildiği için geç başvuran olguları da saptayabilmesi, -kronik alkolik pankreatitin akut ataklarının tanısı ile -akut pankreatitin komplikasyonlarının tanısında da duyarlı olması sayılabilir. Bu çalışmada, acil servise başvuran akut pankreatitli hastaların tanısını hızlı ve doğru bir şekilde koyabilmek için idrarda tripsinojen-2 ölçümünün güvenilir bir tanı yöntemi olup olmadığını araştırdık. Bunun için de tanısının akut pankreatit olduğu ve tanısının akut pankreatit olmadığı kesin olarak bilinen iki grup hasta çalışmaya alınarak idrarda tripsinojen-2 tayininin akut pankreatit tanısındaki özgüllüğünü ve duyarlılığını araştırdık. Toplam 53 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Bunlardan 15'i kesin akut apandisit tanısı konan, 38'i ise kesin akut pankreatit tanısı konan olgulardı. Akut pankreatit grubundaki ve akut apandisit grubundaki tüm hastaların serum amilaz düzeyleri ile idrarda tripsinojen-2 düzeyleri ölçüldü. İdrarda kalitatif tripsinojen-2 ölçümü, çalışmamıza aldığımız 38 akut pankreatitli hastanın 32 tanesinde pozitif, 6 tanesinde negatif olarak saptanırken, 15 akut apandisitti hastanın tamamında negatif olarak bulundu (duyarlılık %84, özgüllük %100). Serum amilaz düzeyi, 38 akut pankreatitli hastanın 24 tanesinde 900 IU/L'nin üzerinde ve 15 akut apandisitli hastanın tamamında normal sınırlardaydı (duyarlılık %63, özgüllük %100). Sonuç olarak, acil serviste idrarda tripsinojen-2 ölçümünün, serum amilazma göre, istatistiksel olarak daha kuvvetli olması, kısa sürede sonuç almması ve laboratuar ekipmanına gereksinim göstermemesi nedeniyle akut pankreatiti diğer akut karın nedenlerinden ayırmada başvurulabilecek bir tarama testi olarak kullanılabileceği kanısına varıldı.
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process characterized by the self-destruction of the gland with its own enzymes. Clinical spectrum of acute pancreatitis ranges from the mild, self-limiting form to severe, highly fatal form. Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis may be difficult, especially in patients with atypical presentation. In debilitated patients, in patients with minimal abdominal pain, in early postoperative patients whose physical findings are unreliable, and in patients who are presenting late after the onset of the symptoms, it may be difficult to diagnose acute pancreatitis. It was reported that, 42% of fatal acute pancreatitis cases could only be diagnosed at autopsy. Measurement of serum amylase levels, the most widely used laboratory test in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, is not sensitive and specific enough in such cases. Recently, many reports have been published in the literature, suggesting that the qualitative or quantitative determination of urinary trypsinogen-2 may be used instead of serum amylase level measurements in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Major advantages of qualitative urinary trypsinogen-2 determination reported in these publications are: It has a higher sensitivity, it takes only a few minutes to do the test, there is no need for trained laboratory personnel and laboratory equipment to perform the test, it can detect even late presentations since trypsinogen-2 remains elevated as long as 30 days after the onset of the symptoms, and finally, it is sensitive even in diagnosing acute exacerbations of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and complications of acute pancreatitis. In this study, we investigated whether the measurement of urinary trypsinogen-2 is a reliable diagnostic method for rapid and accurate diagnosis of patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the emergency department. We randomized patients presenting with abdominal pain into two groups. Patients in Group 1 were those with an initial diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and patients in Group 2 were those with an initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis. From these two groups, a total number of 53 patients with a definite diagnosis of acute pancreatitis or acute appendicitis wer eincluded in the study. In one group, 38 patients had a final diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and in the control group, 15 patients had a final diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Serum amylase and urinary trypsinogen-2 levels between the acute pancreatitis and acute appendicitis groups were compared and the sensitivity and specificity of urinary trypsinogen-2 strip test in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were determined. Urinary trypsinogen-2 detection test was positive in 32 and negative in 6 of the 38 acute pancreatitis patients included in the study. The test was negative in all of the 15 patients with acute appendicitis (sensitivity =84%, specifity =100%). Serum amylase levels were over 900 IU/L in 24 of 38 patients with acute pancreatitis and were within normal range in all of the 15 patients with acute appendicitis (sensitivity =63%, specifity =100%). Our results also showed that tryipsinogen-2 strip test is not only statistically more powerful than the serum amylase determinations in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis but also the strip test takes much less time than the serum amylase measurement. In conclusion, we think that qualitative measurement of urinary trypsinogen-2 in the emergency department can be used safely as a screening test in differentiating acute pancreatitis from other causes of acute abdomen.
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process characterized by the self-destruction of the gland with its own enzymes. Clinical spectrum of acute pancreatitis ranges from the mild, self-limiting form to severe, highly fatal form. Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis may be difficult, especially in patients with atypical presentation. In debilitated patients, in patients with minimal abdominal pain, in early postoperative patients whose physical findings are unreliable, and in patients who are presenting late after the onset of the symptoms, it may be difficult to diagnose acute pancreatitis. It was reported that, 42% of fatal acute pancreatitis cases could only be diagnosed at autopsy. Measurement of serum amylase levels, the most widely used laboratory test in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, is not sensitive and specific enough in such cases. Recently, many reports have been published in the literature, suggesting that the qualitative or quantitative determination of urinary trypsinogen-2 may be used instead of serum amylase level measurements in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Major advantages of qualitative urinary trypsinogen-2 determination reported in these publications are: It has a higher sensitivity, it takes only a few minutes to do the test, there is no need for trained laboratory personnel and laboratory equipment to perform the test, it can detect even late presentations since trypsinogen-2 remains elevated as long as 30 days after the onset of the symptoms, and finally, it is sensitive even in diagnosing acute exacerbations of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and complications of acute pancreatitis. In this study, we investigated whether the measurement of urinary trypsinogen-2 is a reliable diagnostic method for rapid and accurate diagnosis of patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the emergency department. We randomized patients presenting with abdominal pain into two groups. Patients in Group 1 were those with an initial diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and patients in Group 2 were those with an initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis. From these two groups, a total number of 53 patients with a definite diagnosis of acute pancreatitis or acute appendicitis wer eincluded in the study. In one group, 38 patients had a final diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and in the control group, 15 patients had a final diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Serum amylase and urinary trypsinogen-2 levels between the acute pancreatitis and acute appendicitis groups were compared and the sensitivity and specificity of urinary trypsinogen-2 strip test in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were determined. Urinary trypsinogen-2 detection test was positive in 32 and negative in 6 of the 38 acute pancreatitis patients included in the study. The test was negative in all of the 15 patients with acute appendicitis (sensitivity =84%, specifity =100%). Serum amylase levels were over 900 IU/L in 24 of 38 patients with acute pancreatitis and were within normal range in all of the 15 patients with acute appendicitis (sensitivity =63%, specifity =100%). Our results also showed that tryipsinogen-2 strip test is not only statistically more powerful than the serum amylase determinations in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis but also the strip test takes much less time than the serum amylase measurement. In conclusion, we think that qualitative measurement of urinary trypsinogen-2 in the emergency department can be used safely as a screening test in differentiating acute pancreatitis from other causes of acute abdomen.
Description
Keywords
Akut pankreatit, Tripsinojen-2, Amilaz, Acute pancreatitis, Tryipsinogen-2, Amylase
Citation
Güler, V. (2003). Acil serviste yatak başı idrar tripsinojen-2 ölçümü akut pankreatitin ayırıcı tanısı için kullanılabilir mi?. Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi.