Kurucu belirsizlik olarak Covid-19 ve iki egemenlik paradigması
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Date
2020-09-15
Authors
Turowski, Mariusz
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu makale, COVİD-19 pandemisi süresince dillendirilen bildiğimiz dünyanın hem ekonomik hem sosyal hem de politik açıdan sonunun geldiği, sistemik bir kriz içinde bulunduğumuz ya da eski ezberlerimizi bozacak ve bildik referansları unutturacak yepyeni bir dönemden geçtiğimiz söylemleri karşısında felsefenin görevi nedir sorusundan yola çıkıyor. Bu çerçevede, Covid-19 pandemisi boyunca bizzat politik yaşam egemenlik sorununun politik felsefenin en temel sorularından biri olduğunu bir kez daha açığa çıkarmıştır. Egemenlik sorununun aynı zamanda politik yaşamın ontolojik temellerini tartışmaya açan bir soru olduğu iddiasından hareket eden bu yazı, Schmittyen ve Foucaultcu iki egemenlik paradigmasını karşılaştırmalı bir tarzda ele almakta ve onları birbirini karşılıklı olarak dışlayan teoriler olarak görmek yerine tamamlayıcı perspektifler olarak analiz etmeyi önermektedir. Şayet felsefe bugünün eleştirisi olarak mevcut olandaki özgürleştirici imkânlara işaret etmekle yükümlü ise, o halde, yaratım kavramına dayanan bir “iktidar ontolojisi”nin politikayı sadece üretim/imalat kategorisi içinde düşünmek zorunda olmadığını, aynı zamanda devlet gücünü, kararı, egemenliği ve politik düzeni haklar, özgürlükler, adalet gibi kavramlarla birlikte tanımlama imkânı sunduğunu göstermelidir. Bu çerçevede, bu makale, Schmittyen otoritaryan liberal ve monistik egemenlik anlayışına karşı çoğulluğu temele alan demokratik bir egemenlik teorisinin bizzat politik yaşama özgü bir deneyim olarak felsefi düşüncenin kavramsal hafızası içinde muhafaza edildiğine işaret etmektedir.
The article sets out the question of what is the role of philosophy in the days of isolation and social distancing. Within such framework, during the Covid-19 pandemic, it has been revealed one more time that the problem of sovereignty in political life is one of the most fundamental questions for philosophy as well as for politics. Based on the claim that the question of sovereignty reveals the problem of ontological foundations of politics and the political life, the current article deals in a comparative way with two dominant paradigms of sovereignty in contemporary philosophy: Schmittian and Foucauldian, analyzing them as complementary perspectives rather than mutually exclusive theories. If philosophy is to point out the emancipatory possibilities presented as critical perspective on current situation, it should highlight inherently open, dynamic and “ontologically unstable” character of politics and the political, where concepts such as state power, decision and sovereignty are linked to the problem of creation involved in the definition of the “ontology of power”. At the same time it should serve as an opportunity to define those concepts along, and not against, notions like rights, liberties, and justice. Within the context and framework as defined above, the current article argues that a democratic theory of sovereignty based on pluralism and inclusiveness, contrasted with the authoritarian liberal, “monistic” version of sovereignty with one central decision-center proposed by Schmitt, is preserved within the conceptual memory of philosophical thinking as an experience specific to political life.
The article sets out the question of what is the role of philosophy in the days of isolation and social distancing. Within such framework, during the Covid-19 pandemic, it has been revealed one more time that the problem of sovereignty in political life is one of the most fundamental questions for philosophy as well as for politics. Based on the claim that the question of sovereignty reveals the problem of ontological foundations of politics and the political life, the current article deals in a comparative way with two dominant paradigms of sovereignty in contemporary philosophy: Schmittian and Foucauldian, analyzing them as complementary perspectives rather than mutually exclusive theories. If philosophy is to point out the emancipatory possibilities presented as critical perspective on current situation, it should highlight inherently open, dynamic and “ontologically unstable” character of politics and the political, where concepts such as state power, decision and sovereignty are linked to the problem of creation involved in the definition of the “ontology of power”. At the same time it should serve as an opportunity to define those concepts along, and not against, notions like rights, liberties, and justice. Within the context and framework as defined above, the current article argues that a democratic theory of sovereignty based on pluralism and inclusiveness, contrasted with the authoritarian liberal, “monistic” version of sovereignty with one central decision-center proposed by Schmitt, is preserved within the conceptual memory of philosophical thinking as an experience specific to political life.
Description
Keywords
Politik felsefe, Karar, Politik olan, Biyopolitika, Biyoiktidar, Political philosophy, Decision, The political, Biopolitics, Biopower
Citation
Günsoy, F. ve Turowski, M. (2020). "Kurucu belirsizlik olarak Covid-19 ve iki egemenlik paradigması". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 19(2), 344-366.