İslam hukukunda irade beyanı
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Date
2023-10-20
Authors
Tahir, Sayit
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
İslam hukuku, sahip olduğu özgün anlayış ve ilkelerinin sonucu olarak diğer hukuk sistemlerinden farklı bir hukuksal yapılanma oluşturduğu gibi temel hukuki kavramlara da farklı içerikler kazandırmıştır. Çok katmanlı hakikat anlayışını benimsemiş olmanın bir sonucu olarak İslam hukuk düşüncesi çerçevesinde geniş bir yelpazeye yayılan farklı yaklaşımlar ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çeşitlilik, İslam hukukunu, epistemolojik açıdan modern hukuk düşüncesinden uzaklaştırsa da füru-ı fıkıh alanında ortaya konulan çeşitli görüşlerin bir kısmının modern hukukla örtüşmesine de imkan vermiştir. Örneğin İslam hukuku şemsiyesi altında akit nazariyesine dair ortaya konulan yaklaşımların bir kısmının modern hukukla örtüştüğü görülmektedir. Akit nazariyesinde üzerinde durulan konuların önde gelenlerinden biri irade beyanı tartışmalarıdır. İrade beyanı, hukukî işlemlerin gerçekleşmesi açıdan önem arz etmektedir. İrade insanın iç dünyasında oluşan sübjektif bir durumdur. İradenin hukukî sonuca bağlanması ise beyan vasıtalarıyla mümkündür. Bir başka ifadeyle hukukî işlemin gerçekleşmesi iradenin beyanıyla mümkün olabilmektedir. Hukuki işlemin meydana gelmesi için irade ile beyan arasında prensip olarak uygunluğun olması gerekir. Fakat bu uygunluk her zaman mümkün olmayabilir. Bu durumda içte olan irade ile dışa yansıtılan iradenin aynı olmaması akdin sıhhati açısından sorun oluşturabilmektedir. Fukaha, irade-beyan uyuşmazlığının bilinçli ya da bilinçsiz bir şekilde olup olmamasına bağlı olarak farklı hukuki sonuçlar ortaya konulması gerektiğini ifade etmişlerdir.
Islamic law is a legal system of divine origin that has its own principles in terms of solving the problems related to the law and has no correlation to any law. Islamic law has been practiced for centuries in different times and places, trained legal experts, and led to the emergence of a great collection of fiqh. The legal experts, who have been trained for centuries, have carried and bequeathed this accumulation to the next generations with their works and the students they have trained. Through Legal Acts, issues that occur between individuals are solved, problems are dealt with and obstructions are eliminated. In this respect, legal acts are of great and effective importance both in terms of Islamic Law and in meeting the needs of individuals. In order for these legal acts, which are carried out to meet the different needs of individuals, to occur, it is necessary to include some elements. The most important of these elements is the will. Because it forms the basis of the contract. Will is a subjective state that occurs in the inner world of a person. It is possible to conclude the will by means of a declaration. Because the contracting parties cannot understand anything without the means of declaration. Therefore, reaching an adjudicating conclusion, in other words, making a judgement about the legal act is only possible by declaring these wills. There must be conformity on principle between the will and the declaration in order for the legal act to occur. However, it is not always the case that this conformity applies. Therefore, if the internal will and the external will are not the same, then this is due to the mistakes made by the parties either consciously or unconsciously.
Islamic law is a legal system of divine origin that has its own principles in terms of solving the problems related to the law and has no correlation to any law. Islamic law has been practiced for centuries in different times and places, trained legal experts, and led to the emergence of a great collection of fiqh. The legal experts, who have been trained for centuries, have carried and bequeathed this accumulation to the next generations with their works and the students they have trained. Through Legal Acts, issues that occur between individuals are solved, problems are dealt with and obstructions are eliminated. In this respect, legal acts are of great and effective importance both in terms of Islamic Law and in meeting the needs of individuals. In order for these legal acts, which are carried out to meet the different needs of individuals, to occur, it is necessary to include some elements. The most important of these elements is the will. Because it forms the basis of the contract. Will is a subjective state that occurs in the inner world of a person. It is possible to conclude the will by means of a declaration. Because the contracting parties cannot understand anything without the means of declaration. Therefore, reaching an adjudicating conclusion, in other words, making a judgement about the legal act is only possible by declaring these wills. There must be conformity on principle between the will and the declaration in order for the legal act to occur. However, it is not always the case that this conformity applies. Therefore, if the internal will and the external will are not the same, then this is due to the mistakes made by the parties either consciously or unconsciously.
Description
Keywords
İslam hukuku, Modern hukuk, İrade, İrade beyanı, Yapay zeka, Islamic law, Modern law, Will, Statement of will, Artificial intelligence
Citation
Tahir, S. (2023). İslam hukukunda irade beyanı. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.