Bithynia Bölgesi Roma Dönemi mimari betimli kent sikkeleri
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Date
2021-10-10
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Antik Bithynia, kuzeyde Pontus Euxenios, batıda Hellespontos ve Rhyndakos, güneyde Sangarios nehri ile sınırlanan, Küçük Asya’nın kuzeybatı köşesindeki bir bölgedir. Bithynia Bölgesi Helenistik Dönem’de bağımsız bir krallık olarak kurulmuş ve daha sonra MÖ 74 yılında Roma İmparatorluğu’nun bir eyaleti haline gelmesiyle birlikte doğu sınırları genişlemiştir. Bithynia Eyaleti, Roma yönetimine geçmesiyle birlikte bölgede imar faaliyetleri başlamış ve bu kapsamda kent surları, tapınaklar, tiyatrolar, fener kuleleri, gymnasion ve anıtsal binalar gibi mimari yapılar inşa edilmiştir. Şehirlere ait bu mimari doku Bithynia kentleri adına basılan birçok sikkenin arka yüzünde Roma İmparatorlarının finansal yardımı sayesinde siyasal propaganda amacı ile betimlenmiştir. Mimari betimli sikkelere göre tapınaklar, Bithynia kentlerinde saygınlık gören Dionysos, Demeter, Asklepius, Apollon, Herakles ve Fortuna gibi tanrı ve tanrıçaların yanı sıra kentlerde imparatorlar onuruna gerçekleştirilen agon oyunları ve bayramlar için inşa edilmiş olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Tasvir edilen birçok yapının lokasyonu belli değildir. Ancak en azından benzer kent planları ile yapılan karşılaştırmalara göre muhtelif tapınakların Bithynia kentlerinde bulunan mevcut kiliselerin temellerinde veya çevresinde aranması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak bu makalede özellikle Roma Dönemi’nde ortaya çıkan mimari betimli sikkeler ışında, Bithynia Bölgesi’nde yer alan kentlerin yapı programı incelenmiş ve bununla ilgili fikirler öne sürülmüştür.
Ancient Bithynia is a region in the northwest of Asia Minor, bounded by Pontus Euxenios to the north, Hellespontos and Rhyndakos to the west, and the Sangarios river to the south. The Bithynia Region was established as an independent kingdom in the Hellenistic period and thereafter became a province of the Roman Empire in 74 BC. Thus, the eastern borders of the province expanded. After the Provincia of Bithynia came under the rule of Roman Empire, reconstruction activities started in the region and within this scope, monumental structures such as city walls, temples, theaters, lighthouses, port structures and gymnasions were built. This architectural texture of the cities is depicted on the reverse of many coins minted in the name of the cities of Bithynia, for the purpose of political propaganda, thanks to the financial assistance of the Roman Emperors. According to the coins with architectural depictions, the temples were dedicated to gods and goddesses such as Dionysus, Demeter, Asclepius, Apollon, Heracles and Fortuna, who were respected in the cities of Bithynia. In addition, it is understood that these temples were built in the name of the agon games performed for the emperors. The location of many of the structures depicted is unknown. The location of many of the structures depicted is unknown. However, according to the comparisons made with similar city plans, it is thought that the temples may be on the foundations of the existing churches in the cities of Bithynia. As a result, in this article, the building program of the cities in the province of Bithynia was examined in the light of the coins with architectural depictions in the Roman Imperial period.
Ancient Bithynia is a region in the northwest of Asia Minor, bounded by Pontus Euxenios to the north, Hellespontos and Rhyndakos to the west, and the Sangarios river to the south. The Bithynia Region was established as an independent kingdom in the Hellenistic period and thereafter became a province of the Roman Empire in 74 BC. Thus, the eastern borders of the province expanded. After the Provincia of Bithynia came under the rule of Roman Empire, reconstruction activities started in the region and within this scope, monumental structures such as city walls, temples, theaters, lighthouses, port structures and gymnasions were built. This architectural texture of the cities is depicted on the reverse of many coins minted in the name of the cities of Bithynia, for the purpose of political propaganda, thanks to the financial assistance of the Roman Emperors. According to the coins with architectural depictions, the temples were dedicated to gods and goddesses such as Dionysus, Demeter, Asclepius, Apollon, Heracles and Fortuna, who were respected in the cities of Bithynia. In addition, it is understood that these temples were built in the name of the agon games performed for the emperors. The location of many of the structures depicted is unknown. The location of many of the structures depicted is unknown. However, according to the comparisons made with similar city plans, it is thought that the temples may be on the foundations of the existing churches in the cities of Bithynia. As a result, in this article, the building program of the cities in the province of Bithynia was examined in the light of the coins with architectural depictions in the Roman Imperial period.
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Keywords
Bithynia, Roma Dönemi, Sikke, Nümizmatik, Mimari, Bithynia, Roman Period, Coin, Numismatic, Architecture
Citation
İhtiyar, M. (2021). ''Bithynia bölgesi Roma Dönemi mimari betimli kent sikkeleri''. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 14(2), 617-660.