Arap Baharı sonrası anayasacılık
Date
2023-11-03
Authors
Baş, Sezgin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Çalışmanın konusu, Arap Baharı sonrası Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika'da meydana getirilen anayasal metinlerin belirli anayasacılık unsurları çerçevesinde incelenmesidir. Bu inceleme ile Arap Baharı sonrası yaşanan anayasal değişimin tespit edilmesi ve anayasacılık perspektifinden değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Böylece Arap Baharı'nın yaşandığı ülkelerin anayasacılık yönelimleri belirlenmiş olacaktır. Çalışmada ele alınan ülkeler, devrimci anayasacılık kapsamında Tunus, Mısır, Libya ve Yemen iken reformist ülkeler kapsamında Cezayir, Fas, Umman, Bahreyn ve Ürdün'dür. Arap Baharı sürecinden birçok Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika ülkesinin anayasalarının etkilenmesi, bu araştırmayı bir yönüyle karşılaştırmalı çalışma haline getirmiştir. Karşılaştırma, bir taraftan halk ayaklanmalarının gerçekleştiği ülkeler arasında; diğer taraftan Arap Baharı öncesi anayasacılık ile Arap Baharı sonrası anayasacılık arasında yapılmıştır. Arap Baharı sonrası anayasacılığa dair yapılan araştırma neticesinde çalışma kapsamında ele alınan ülkelerde, gelinen noktada, anayasal düzenin işlediği paradigmada temel bir değişimin yaşandığı söylenemez. Anayasacılık konsepti açısından kısmi bir ilerlemenin sağlandığı ileri sürülebilir. Bu kısmi gelişme, Tunus ve Mısır'da daha sonra yaşanan karşı-anayasacı gelişmeler neticesinde geriletilmiştir. Libya ve Yemen'de, siyasal bölünme ve iç savaş meydana geldiğinden yeni anayasa yapım süreçleri akamete uğramıştır ve belirsizliğini korumaktadır. Reformist ülkelerde ise başlangıçta atılan olumlu adımlar ya devam ettirilmemiş ya da sonraki süreçte reform hareketlerine aykırı değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Neticede, Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika anayasacılığı, değişim ve dönüşüme uğramaya devam etmektedir.
The subject of the study is the examination of the constitutional texts created in the Middle East and North Africa after the Arab Spring within the framework of certain constitutional elements. With this review, it is aimed to determine the constitutional change after the Arab Spring and to evaluate it from the perspective of constitutionalism. Thus, the constitutionalism orientations of the Arab Spring countries will be determined. The countries covered in the study are Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen within the scope of revolutionary constitutionalism, while Algeria, Morocco, Oman, Bahrain, and Jordan are within the scope of reformist countries. Given the fact that social uprisings took place in many Middle East and North African countries, this research was conducted by using a comparative approach. The comparative analysis was achieved within two dimensions. In one aspect, the comparison was made among the countries happening popular uprisings; in another perspective, it was made between constitutionalism before the Arab Spring and constitutionalism after the Arab Spring. As a result of the research on constitutionalism after the Arab Spring, it cannot be said that there has been a fundamental change in the paradigm in which the constitutional order operates in the countries covered in the study. It can be argued that partial progress has been achieved in terms of the concept of constitutionalism. In Tunisia and Egypt, this partial progress was downgraded by the later counter-constitutionalist developments. In Libya and Yemen, due to political division and civil war, the new constitution-making processes have stalled and remain uncertain. In reformist countries, the positive steps taken at the beginning were either not continued or changes were made contrary to the reform movements in the following period. Consequently, the constitutionalism of the Middle East and North Africa continues to undergo change and transformation.
The subject of the study is the examination of the constitutional texts created in the Middle East and North Africa after the Arab Spring within the framework of certain constitutional elements. With this review, it is aimed to determine the constitutional change after the Arab Spring and to evaluate it from the perspective of constitutionalism. Thus, the constitutionalism orientations of the Arab Spring countries will be determined. The countries covered in the study are Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen within the scope of revolutionary constitutionalism, while Algeria, Morocco, Oman, Bahrain, and Jordan are within the scope of reformist countries. Given the fact that social uprisings took place in many Middle East and North African countries, this research was conducted by using a comparative approach. The comparative analysis was achieved within two dimensions. In one aspect, the comparison was made among the countries happening popular uprisings; in another perspective, it was made between constitutionalism before the Arab Spring and constitutionalism after the Arab Spring. As a result of the research on constitutionalism after the Arab Spring, it cannot be said that there has been a fundamental change in the paradigm in which the constitutional order operates in the countries covered in the study. It can be argued that partial progress has been achieved in terms of the concept of constitutionalism. In Tunisia and Egypt, this partial progress was downgraded by the later counter-constitutionalist developments. In Libya and Yemen, due to political division and civil war, the new constitution-making processes have stalled and remain uncertain. In reformist countries, the positive steps taken at the beginning were either not continued or changes were made contrary to the reform movements in the following period. Consequently, the constitutionalism of the Middle East and North Africa continues to undergo change and transformation.
Description
Keywords
Arap Baharı, Anayasacılık, Anayasa yapım süreçleri, Temel hak ve hürriyetler, Anayasa yargısı, Din ve devlet ilişkileri, Hükümet sistemleri, Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika, Arab Spring, Constitutionalism, Constitution making processes, Fundamental rights and freedoms, Constitutional review, Religion and state relations, Governmental systems, Middle East and North Africa
Citation
Baş, S. (2023). Arap Baharı sonrası anayasacılık. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.