Fournier gangreni nedeniyle debridman uygulanan hastalarda anorektal anatomi ve fizyolojide değişiklikler
Date
2023
Authors
Acar, İrem Zehra
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Fournier gangreni (FG) perianal, ürogenital veya perineal bölgelerin, sinerjistik polimikrobiyal infeksiyonuna bağlı gelişen nekrotizan fasi itisi iletanımlanır. Etiyolojide anorektal, ürogenital ve kutanöz orijin rol oynayabilmektedir. Anorektal orijin en sık görülmektedir ve daha kötü prognoz ile ilişkilidir. Nadir ancak acil bir cerrahi tablo olup yüksek mortalite ve morbidite ileilişkilidir. Hastalığın ana tedavisi agresif cerrahi debridmandır. FG’de hastalık tutulumuna bağlı yapılan debridman sonucu hastaların bir kısmında saptırıcı stoma ihtiyacı gelişebilmekte, pelvik taban kasları ve anal sfinkterlerin bütünlüğünün bozulması mümkün olabilmektedir. Yapılan tedavilerin sonucunda fekal inkontinans oluşabilmektedir. Fekal inkontinans hastaların yaşam kalitesini etkileyen önemli bir sorundur. Bu çalışmada fakültemizde FG nedeniyle debridman yapılarak şifa ile taburcu edilmiş 21 hasta davet edilerek onamları alınması sonrası fekalinkontinans ve yaşam kalitesi değerlendirme anketleri (Short Form 36 Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi, Cleveland Clinic Fekal İnkontinans Skoru ve Cleveland Clinic Fekal İnkontinans Yaşam Kalitesi Anketi); fizik muayene, endoanal ultrason (US)ve anal manometri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Anorektal digital muayene sonucunda 11 hastanın tonusunda azalma, 3 hastada anal fistül, 1 hastada anal fissür, 1 hastada eksternal rektal prolapsus saptanmıştır. Endoanal US sonucunda 2 hastada sadece eksternal anal sfinkter, 2 hastada ise hem internal hem de eksternal anal sfinkter defekti tespit edilmiştir. Anal manometri sonucunda 2 hastada dinlenim basıncı normal değerlerin altında ölçülmüştür, 11 hastada ise sıkma basıncı normal değerlerin altında bulunmuştur. Bir hastada rektoanal inhibitör refleks negatif, 1 hastada öksürük refleksi basıncı düşük bulunmuştur. Anketler sonucunda hastaların bir kısmında inkontinans şikayetleri olduğu ve yaşam kalitesinin etkilendiği görülmüştür. Bu çalışma sonucunda FG nedeni ile tedavi edilen hastaların taburculuk sonrası problemleri tespit edilip, bu problemlerle ilgili uzun dönem sonuçlara ait veri toplanmıştır. Böylece anorektal bölgeyi etkileyen bu hastalığa yönelik yapılmış agresif cerrahi debridmanın uzun dönemde hastaların anorektalan atomi, fizyoloji ve yaşam kalitesine etkileri hakkında ilk kez objektif veri toplanmıştır. Çalışmamız literatürde yeterli veri bulunmayan bu alanda tıbbi pratiğe katkı sağlayacak bir klinik çalışma olup ileride daha büyük örneklem ile yapılacak çalışmalara katkısı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Fournier's gangrene (FG) is defined as necrotizing fasciitis that develops due to synergistic polymicrobial infection of the perianal, urogenital or perineal regions. Anorectal, urogenital and cutaneous origin may play a role in the aetiology. Anorectal origin is the most common and is associated with a worse prognosis. It is a rare but urgent surgical condition and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The primary treatment for the disease is aggressive surgical debridement. As a result of debridement due to disease involvement in FG, it may be possible to disrupt the integrity of the pelvic floor muscles and anal sphincters. Some patients may need a diverting stoma. Fecal incontinence may occur as a result of the treatments. Fecal incontinence is an important problem that affects patients' quality of life. In this study, 21 patients who were discharged with healing after undergoing debridement due to FG at our faculty were invited, and their consents were obtained. Subsequently, fecal incontinence and quality of life assessment questionnaires (Short Form 36 Quality of Life Survey, Cleveland Clinic Fecal Incontinence Score, and Cleveland Clinic Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Survey); physical examination, endoanal ultrasound (US), and anal manometry were performed to evaluate them. As a result of the anorectal digital examination, a decrease in tone was observed in 11 patients, anal fistula in 3 patients, anal fissure in 1 patient, and external rectal prolapse in 1 patient. As a result of endoanal US, solely external anal sphincter defect was detected in 2 patients and both internal and external anal sphincter defect was detected in 2 patients. As a result of anal manometry, resting pressure was measured below normal values in 2 patients, and squeeze pressure was found below normal values in 11 patients. In 1 patient, the rectoanal inhibitory reflex was negative, and in 1 patient, the cough reflex pressure was low. According to the questionnaires, some patients had complaints of incontinence and a decrease in their quality of life. As a result of this study, problems experienced by patients treated for FG after discharge were identified, and data related to long-term outcomes of these problems were collected. It represents the first collection of objective data on the long-term effects of aggressive surgical debridement on anorectal anatomy, physiology, and patient quality of life for this disease which effects the anorectal region. Our study is considered a clinical study that contributes to medical practice in this area where there is insufficient data in the literature, and it is believed to be valuable for future studies with larger sample sizes.
Fournier's gangrene (FG) is defined as necrotizing fasciitis that develops due to synergistic polymicrobial infection of the perianal, urogenital or perineal regions. Anorectal, urogenital and cutaneous origin may play a role in the aetiology. Anorectal origin is the most common and is associated with a worse prognosis. It is a rare but urgent surgical condition and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The primary treatment for the disease is aggressive surgical debridement. As a result of debridement due to disease involvement in FG, it may be possible to disrupt the integrity of the pelvic floor muscles and anal sphincters. Some patients may need a diverting stoma. Fecal incontinence may occur as a result of the treatments. Fecal incontinence is an important problem that affects patients' quality of life. In this study, 21 patients who were discharged with healing after undergoing debridement due to FG at our faculty were invited, and their consents were obtained. Subsequently, fecal incontinence and quality of life assessment questionnaires (Short Form 36 Quality of Life Survey, Cleveland Clinic Fecal Incontinence Score, and Cleveland Clinic Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Survey); physical examination, endoanal ultrasound (US), and anal manometry were performed to evaluate them. As a result of the anorectal digital examination, a decrease in tone was observed in 11 patients, anal fistula in 3 patients, anal fissure in 1 patient, and external rectal prolapse in 1 patient. As a result of endoanal US, solely external anal sphincter defect was detected in 2 patients and both internal and external anal sphincter defect was detected in 2 patients. As a result of anal manometry, resting pressure was measured below normal values in 2 patients, and squeeze pressure was found below normal values in 11 patients. In 1 patient, the rectoanal inhibitory reflex was negative, and in 1 patient, the cough reflex pressure was low. According to the questionnaires, some patients had complaints of incontinence and a decrease in their quality of life. As a result of this study, problems experienced by patients treated for FG after discharge were identified, and data related to long-term outcomes of these problems were collected. It represents the first collection of objective data on the long-term effects of aggressive surgical debridement on anorectal anatomy, physiology, and patient quality of life for this disease which effects the anorectal region. Our study is considered a clinical study that contributes to medical practice in this area where there is insufficient data in the literature, and it is believed to be valuable for future studies with larger sample sizes.
Description
Keywords
Fournier gangreni, Cerrahi debridman, Fekal inkontinans, Endoanal ultrason, Anal manometri, Fournier's gangrene, Surgical debridement, Fecal incontinence, Endoanal ultrasound, Anal manometry
Citation
Acar, İ. Z. (2023). Fournier gangreni nedeniyle debridman uygulanan hastalarda anorektal anatomi ve fizyolojide değişiklikler. Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi.