Demokrasi ve siyasi istikrar bağlamında Türkiye’nin siyasi hayatında seçim barajı tartışmaları
Date
2024-08-01
Authors
Oktuay, Muhammed Yusuf
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Demokrasi, vatandaşların yönetimde doğrudan rol almasını ve karar verme süreçlerinde etkin olmasını sağlayan bir yönetim biçimidir. Öte yandan siyasi istikrar, bir ülkenin politikalarında ve uygulamalarında tutarlılık ve bütünlük anlamına gelir. Demokratik rejimler altında, halkın karar verme süreçlerine adil temsil ile katılımı ve bu süreçte seçilen yetkililerin istikrarlı yönetimi, sürekli olarak tartışma konusu olmuştur. Bu bağlamda da seçim barajları, demokratik ilkeleri zedeleyen ve vatandaşların seçme ve seçilme hakları üzerinde kısıtlamalar getiren bir unsur olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışmamızda demokrasi ve siyasi istikrar açısından seçim barajının ve ilgili tartışmaların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlk olarak, demokrasi ve siyasi istikrar kavramları ile seçim sistemleri üzerinde durulmuş, ardından Türkiye'deki seçim barajının genel işleyişi ve demokrasi ile siyasi istikrar üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, seçim barajının siyasi arenada yarattığı tartışmalar, parlamento genel kurulundaki müzakereler, medyada yer alan haberler ve sivil toplum kuruluşları ile iktidar elitlerinin konuya dair yorumları analiz edilmiştir. Seçim barajı ile ilgili AYM ve AİHM’in kararları inceleme konusu olmuş ayrıca demokrasi ve siyasi istikrar bağlamında seçim barajının yol açtığı problemler ile söz konusu problemlere karşılık tavsiyelerin tespitleri açıklanmıştır.
Democracy is a form of government that enables citizens to take a direct role in governance and to be active in decision-making processes. Political stability, on the other hand, implies consistency and integrity in a country's policies and practices. Under democratic regimes, the participation of the people in decision-making processes with fair representation and the stable governance of elected officials in this process have been a matter of constant debate. In this context, electoral thresholds stand out as a factor that undermines democratic principles and imposes restrictions on citizens' right to vote and be elected. This study aims to analyze the electoral threshold and related debates in terms of democracy and political stability. First, the concepts of democracy and political stability and electoral systems are emphasized, and then the general functioning of the electoral threshold in Türkiye and its effects on democracy and political stability are evaluated. Furthermore, the debates generated by the electoral threshold in the political arena, the debates in the parliamentary plenary, the news in the media and the comments of civil society organizations and ruling elites on the issue were analyzed. The decisions of the Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights on the electoral threshold are analyzed, and the problems caused by the electoral threshold in the context of democracy and political stability and the findings of the recommendations in response to these problems are explained.
Democracy is a form of government that enables citizens to take a direct role in governance and to be active in decision-making processes. Political stability, on the other hand, implies consistency and integrity in a country's policies and practices. Under democratic regimes, the participation of the people in decision-making processes with fair representation and the stable governance of elected officials in this process have been a matter of constant debate. In this context, electoral thresholds stand out as a factor that undermines democratic principles and imposes restrictions on citizens' right to vote and be elected. This study aims to analyze the electoral threshold and related debates in terms of democracy and political stability. First, the concepts of democracy and political stability and electoral systems are emphasized, and then the general functioning of the electoral threshold in Türkiye and its effects on democracy and political stability are evaluated. Furthermore, the debates generated by the electoral threshold in the political arena, the debates in the parliamentary plenary, the news in the media and the comments of civil society organizations and ruling elites on the issue were analyzed. The decisions of the Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights on the electoral threshold are analyzed, and the problems caused by the electoral threshold in the context of democracy and political stability and the findings of the recommendations in response to these problems are explained.
Description
Keywords
Seçim barajı, Demokrasi, Siyasi istikrar, Seçim, Seçim sistemi, Baraj, Election threshold, Democracy, Political stability, Election, Electoral system, Threshold