Hipoosmolar ortamın immün sistem üzerine olan etkileri
Date
2023-02-27
Authors
Demir, Halil İbrahim
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Hiponatremi veya hipotonisite, extrasellüler ortamda rölatif veya mutlak su konsantrasyonunun artması sonucu plazma sodyum konsantrasyonunun 135 mEq/L’den düşük olması ile karakterizedir. Hipoosmolar ortamın özellikle nöronları çevreleyen astrositler üzerine etkileri ve buna bağlı oluşan klinik tablo bilinmesine rağmen hipotonik ortamın immün sistem üzerine etkileri bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada hiponatremiye bağlı olarak oluşan hipoosmolar ortamın immün sistem hücreleri üzerine olan etkilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda hiponatremi gelişmiş 20 KBY (Kronik Böbrek Yetmezliği) hastasından tedavi öncesi ve sonrası periferik kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Monoklonal antikorlarla boyama yapıldıktan sonra hazırlanmış olan panellerde AHÖ (Akan Hücre Ölçer) ile lenfosit, monosit ve granülosit alt grupları değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre CD8+ T hücreleri alt gruplarından yüksek düzeyde perforin ve granzim B gibi enflamatuvar molekülleri üretebilen pE₂ (pre-Effector memory 2- ön efektör bellek 2) ve E (efektör) hücrelerinin düzeyi artarken, bu molekülleri düşük seviyede üretme yeteneğindeki pE₁, EM₁ (effector memory 1-efektör bellek 1) ve EM4 hücrelerinin seviyeleri azalmıştır. Bellek CD8 + T hücreleri bakımından hipoosmolar ortamda proenflamatuvar bir profil söz konusudur. Th1 (T helper 1- T yardımcı 1), Tc1(T cytotoxic 1- T sitotoksik) hücrelerinde hiponatremi durumda bir artış gözlenmektedir. Bu durum, diğer bulgularla tutarlı olarak hipoosmolar ortamda proenflamatuvar bir yönelim olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Th17 ve Tc17 hücrelerinde artış eğilimi, enflamasyonu artırıcı yönde patojenik etkilere sahip olabilir. Th22 ve Tc22 hücrelerinde gözlenen artış ise, proenflamatuvar yanıtların meydana getirdiği ve hücrelerin içinde bulunduğu stres durumunun yol açtığı doku hasarına yanıt olabileceği gibi ortamdaki TNF-α artışının bir etkisi olabilir.
Hyponatremia or hypotonicity is characterized by a plasma sodium concentration of less than 135 mEq/L as a result of increased relative and absolute water concentration in the extracellular environment. Although the effects of the hypoosmolar environment on the astrocytes surrounding the neurons and the resulting clinical picture are known, the effects of the hypotonic environment on the immune system are not known. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the effects of the hypoosmolar environment due to hyponatremia on immune system cells. In our study, peripheral blood samples were taken from 20 patients with CKD (Chronic Renal Failure) who developed hyponatremia before and after treatment. In the panels prepared after staining with monoclonal antibodies, lymphocyte, monocytes and granulocyte subgroups were evaluated with FC (Flow cytometry). According to the results of the evaluation, the level of pE₂ (pre-effector memory 2- pre-effector memory 2) and E (effector) cells, which can produce high levels of inflammatory molecules such as perforin and granzyme B, from subgroups of CD8+ T cells, increases, while pE₁, Em₁ (effector memory 1) and Em4 cells were decreased. There is a proinflammatory profile in the hypoosmolar environment for memory CD8+ T cells. An increase in hyponatremia is observed in Th1 (T helper 1), Tc1 (T cytotoxic 1) cells. This suggests a proinflammatory trend in the hypoosmolar environment, consistent with other findings. The tendency to increase in Th17 and Tc17 cells may have pathogenic effects that increase inflammation. The increase observed in Th22 and Tc22 cells, on the other hand, may be a response to tissue damage caused by proinflammatory responses and the stress situation in which the cells are located, as well as an effect of the increase in TNF-α in the environment.
Hyponatremia or hypotonicity is characterized by a plasma sodium concentration of less than 135 mEq/L as a result of increased relative and absolute water concentration in the extracellular environment. Although the effects of the hypoosmolar environment on the astrocytes surrounding the neurons and the resulting clinical picture are known, the effects of the hypotonic environment on the immune system are not known. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the effects of the hypoosmolar environment due to hyponatremia on immune system cells. In our study, peripheral blood samples were taken from 20 patients with CKD (Chronic Renal Failure) who developed hyponatremia before and after treatment. In the panels prepared after staining with monoclonal antibodies, lymphocyte, monocytes and granulocyte subgroups were evaluated with FC (Flow cytometry). According to the results of the evaluation, the level of pE₂ (pre-effector memory 2- pre-effector memory 2) and E (effector) cells, which can produce high levels of inflammatory molecules such as perforin and granzyme B, from subgroups of CD8+ T cells, increases, while pE₁, Em₁ (effector memory 1) and Em4 cells were decreased. There is a proinflammatory profile in the hypoosmolar environment for memory CD8+ T cells. An increase in hyponatremia is observed in Th1 (T helper 1), Tc1 (T cytotoxic 1) cells. This suggests a proinflammatory trend in the hypoosmolar environment, consistent with other findings. The tendency to increase in Th17 and Tc17 cells may have pathogenic effects that increase inflammation. The increase observed in Th22 and Tc22 cells, on the other hand, may be a response to tissue damage caused by proinflammatory responses and the stress situation in which the cells are located, as well as an effect of the increase in TNF-α in the environment.
Description
Keywords
Hiponatremi, Nötrofil alt grupları, Monosit alt grupları, Dendritik hücre alt grupları, Bazofil, Breg, Treg, Hyponatremia, Neutrophil subgroups, Monocyte subgroups, Dendritic cell subgroups, Basophil
Citation
Demir, H. İ. (2023). Hipoosmolar ortamın immün sistem üzerine olan etkileri. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.