Baraj inşaatı süresince mansap etkilerinin incelenmesi: Büyükkumla Barajı örneği
Date
2022-03-07
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, bir baraj inşaatı sürecinin akarsu yatağı mansap kısmında oluşturduğu morfolojik etkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Marmara Bölgesi’nde bulunan Büyükkumla Barajı inşaatı süresince (2014 - 2020) altışar aylık dönemler halinde baraj mansabında morfolojik ölçümler alınmıştır. Morfolojik ölçümler ile dere yatağındaki kesit değişimleri ve sediment hareketleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bunun yanında, coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ile morfolojik değişime ait alansal haritalar oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca, bölgedeki yağış ve debi gibi hidro-meteorolojik değişkenlerin ve baraj inşaatı sırasındaki kazı ve dolgu faaliyetlerinin morfolojik değişim üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Yapılan elek analizleri (Mayıs 2017, 2019 ve 2021) ile değişken yapıdaki yatak malzemesinin formu değerlendirilmiştir. 2020 yılı süresince aylık olarak gerçekleştirilen askıdaki sediment miktarı ölçümü ile debi-sediment ilişkisi ortaya konmuş ve derenin doğal katı madde taşıma durumu ve baraj sürecinin bu duruma etkisi incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, baraj inşaatı süresince kazı ve dolgu faaliyetleri nedeniyle barajın mansap kısmında yer alan dere yatağı formunun belirgin bir şekilde değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Ancak, kazı faaliyetleri tamamlandıktan yaklaşık 2 yıl sonra akarsu yatağının dengeye ulaştığı görülmüştür. Baraj inşaatındaki kazı faaliyetlerinin yoğun olduğu dönemlerde mansap bölgesinde dere yatağında nispeten iri taneli malzemenin yığıldığı daha sonraki dönemde ise yatağın daha ince ve üniform dağılmış bir malzeme içerecek şekilde bir denge durumuna ulaştığı gözlenmiştir. Morfolojik değişimin daha çok inşaat alanında yapılan kazı faaliyetleri sonucu oluştuğu ve hidrometeorolojik veriler ile morfolojik değişim arasında net bir ilişkinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
This study aims to determine the morphological effect of a dam construction process on the downstream part of the riverbed. For this purpose, morphological measurements were taken at the downstream of the dam in six-month periods during the construction of Büyükkumla Dam in the Marmara Region (2014-2020). Cross-section changes and sediment movements in the downstream riverbed were evaluated with morphological measurements. In addition, spatial maps of morphological change were created with geographic information systems. Hydrometeorological changes and result of excavation and filling activities effect on morphological changes were also examined. The changing bed structure was evaluated with grain-size analysis (May 2017, 2019, 2021). The flowsediment relationship was revealed by the monthly measuring the amount of suspended sediment during 2020, and the natural sediment transport of the stream with the effect of the dam process on this situation were examined. As a result, the stream bed form in the downstream has changed significantly due to excavation and filling activities during the dam construction period has been observed. The riverbed reached the state of equilibrium approximately 2 years after the excavation activities of the dam construction were completed. Coarse-grained material was accumulated in the downstream region were intense during the dam excavation activities. The riverbed reached a state of equilibrium including a finer and uniformly dispersed material in the later period. The morphological form was mostly changed as a result of excavation and filling activities on the construction site, and there was no clear relationship between hydrometeorological data and morphological changing.
This study aims to determine the morphological effect of a dam construction process on the downstream part of the riverbed. For this purpose, morphological measurements were taken at the downstream of the dam in six-month periods during the construction of Büyükkumla Dam in the Marmara Region (2014-2020). Cross-section changes and sediment movements in the downstream riverbed were evaluated with morphological measurements. In addition, spatial maps of morphological change were created with geographic information systems. Hydrometeorological changes and result of excavation and filling activities effect on morphological changes were also examined. The changing bed structure was evaluated with grain-size analysis (May 2017, 2019, 2021). The flowsediment relationship was revealed by the monthly measuring the amount of suspended sediment during 2020, and the natural sediment transport of the stream with the effect of the dam process on this situation were examined. As a result, the stream bed form in the downstream has changed significantly due to excavation and filling activities during the dam construction period has been observed. The riverbed reached the state of equilibrium approximately 2 years after the excavation activities of the dam construction were completed. Coarse-grained material was accumulated in the downstream region were intense during the dam excavation activities. The riverbed reached a state of equilibrium including a finer and uniformly dispersed material in the later period. The morphological form was mostly changed as a result of excavation and filling activities on the construction site, and there was no clear relationship between hydrometeorological data and morphological changing.
Description
Keywords
Büyükkumla, Baraj inşaatı, Dere morfolojisi, Topoğrafik değişim, Sediment taşınımı, Granülometrik değişim, Dam construction, River morphology, Topographic change, Sediment transport, Granulometric change
Citation
Can, M. (2022). Baraj inşaatı süresince mansap etkilerinin incelenmesi: Büyükkumla Barajı örneği. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.