Batılılaşma devri tasvir sanatının Azerbaycan cami mimarisinde görülen duvar resimlerinden örnekler
Date
2015-12-01
Authors
Azizsoy, Anar
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Türk resim sanatının Osmanlıda batılılaşma süreci ile ortaya çıkarak kısa süre içerisinde İmparatorluk sınırlarını aşan geniş coğrafyada benimsenmiş duvar resimlerinin başkent etkili uygulamalarına, Azerbaycan’ın söz konusu dönemden ulaşan bazı yapılarında da rastlanmaktadır. Başta anıtsal saray mimarisi olmak üzere, Hanlıklar devri itibariyle ülkede gelişen sivil yapılarda, doğa motifleri ve soyut karakterli figürlü konulara yer verilen duvar resimleriyle karşılaşılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, duvar resimlerinin yaygınlaşan ilk türleri olarak kabul edilen, vazolarda çiçek demetli bitkisel kompozisyonlar ve natüralist öğelerin dini mimaride kullanıldığı sınırlı örnekler de mevcuttur. Üslup ve motiflerdeki yerel farklılıkla beraber, döneme özgü konu ve kompozisyonların tekrarı itibariyle, Batı Anadolu camilerinde yaygın duvar dekorasyonu ile paralellik sürdüren çalışmaya konu cami ve mescitlerin bezeme programında, aynı zamanda ahşap tavanlı çıtakari ve kalemişi süslemelerle, geleneksel ortaklığa işaret edecek kadar ilgi çekici örnekler bulunmaktadır. Ne var ki, çoğu metruk muamele gördükleri Sovyetler döneminde, bir kısmı işlev değişimine uğrayarak ciddi ölçüde tahrip olan dini yapıların, bilahare son dönemlerde imece usulü kaynaklarla yürütülen gelişigüzel onarımlarda mimari özgünlüğünü yitirmenin yanında, duvar resimlerinin büyük çoğunluğu da sıvalar altında bırakılmış veya yenilemelerle asli durumlarını kaybetmişlerdir. Tescilli olmalarına rağmen hiçbir koruma ve onarım çalışmasına tabi tutulmayan yapılardan kimisi mimari yönden de ilk defa araştırılarak, kitabe ve diğer yazılı kaynaklardan saptanan bilgiler ile asli durumları belirlenmeğe çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, yapıların niteliksiz müdahalelerden kaynaklı değişim evresine değinilerek, korunması gereken söz konusu yapıtlara yaklaşım sorunu da, genel çerçevede ele alınmıştır.
Some applications und the influence of capital city of wall paintings adopted in a large geography extending the borders of Empire in a very short time and appeared with the westernization process in Ottoman in Turkish painting are encountered in some buildings reaching today from settlement centres of Khanates of aforementioned period of Azerbaijan. Initially monumental palace architecture, wall paintings in which nature motives and themes with abstract character are given place are come across in the civil buildings developing in the country especially during Khanates period. However, there are limited examples where flower bunched vegetative composition and naturalist elements accepted as the first kinds of frescos widespreading are used in religious architecture. Although there are local differentiations in style and motives, according to theme and composition special to the period, there are as interesting examples as to point the traditional partnership in decorating program of mosques and small mosques that make the subject for this study and which continually show parallel features with wall decorations of West Anatolia mosques, and also with lathing and hand-carved wooden ceilings. Nevertheless, most of the religious buildings some of which were treated as ruin during Soviets, during the period when they were used for different functions, and their authentic buildings and architectural decorations have been seriously ruined; and afterwards during the last periods, great many of the wall paintings were let under the plaster in restorations done haphazardly carried out with sources collected collectively or they lost their originality with renovations. Although they are registered, some of the buildings not subjected to any conservation and restoration work are studied architecturally for the first time, with information gathered from inscriptions and other written documents their original status are tried to be determined. Moreover, touching the changing phase stemming from unqualified interferences, the problem of approach to the art works in question and that are to be preserved will be handled in general sense.
Some applications und the influence of capital city of wall paintings adopted in a large geography extending the borders of Empire in a very short time and appeared with the westernization process in Ottoman in Turkish painting are encountered in some buildings reaching today from settlement centres of Khanates of aforementioned period of Azerbaijan. Initially monumental palace architecture, wall paintings in which nature motives and themes with abstract character are given place are come across in the civil buildings developing in the country especially during Khanates period. However, there are limited examples where flower bunched vegetative composition and naturalist elements accepted as the first kinds of frescos widespreading are used in religious architecture. Although there are local differentiations in style and motives, according to theme and composition special to the period, there are as interesting examples as to point the traditional partnership in decorating program of mosques and small mosques that make the subject for this study and which continually show parallel features with wall decorations of West Anatolia mosques, and also with lathing and hand-carved wooden ceilings. Nevertheless, most of the religious buildings some of which were treated as ruin during Soviets, during the period when they were used for different functions, and their authentic buildings and architectural decorations have been seriously ruined; and afterwards during the last periods, great many of the wall paintings were let under the plaster in restorations done haphazardly carried out with sources collected collectively or they lost their originality with renovations. Although they are registered, some of the buildings not subjected to any conservation and restoration work are studied architecturally for the first time, with information gathered from inscriptions and other written documents their original status are tried to be determined. Moreover, touching the changing phase stemming from unqualified interferences, the problem of approach to the art works in question and that are to be preserved will be handled in general sense.
Description
Keywords
Batılılaşma, Tasvir sanatı, Azerbaycan, Cami mimarisi, Westernization period, Azerbaijan, Wall paintings, Religious architecture
Citation
Azizsoy, A. (2015). “Batılılaşma devri tasvir sanatının Azerbaycan cami mimarisinde görülen duvar resimlerinden örnekler”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(29), 157-184.