Gemlik çeşidi siyah zeytinlerin bazı ağır metal içeriklerinin saptanması
Date
2004-12-06
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, ülkemizdeki sofralık siyah zeytin ihtiyacının önemli bir kısmım sağlayan ve bölgemiz açısından büyük önem taşıyan Gemlik çeşidi siyah zeytinlerin bazı ağır metal içeriklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Denemelerin gerçekleştirilmesi amacıyla Orhangazi, Gemlik ve Mudanya ilçeleri seçilmiştir. Araştırmada, yol kenarı ve sanayi bölgeleri yanında yetişen taze zeytinlerin demir, bakır, çinko, kurşun ve kadmiyum içerikleri ile farklı mevkilerden (yol kenarı- dağlık) alınmış zeytinlerde; taze, fermentasyonun 1., 3. ve 5. ayı ile satışa gönderildiği dönemler içinde kimyasal ve metal analizleri yapılmıştır; ayrıca Bursa piyasasında satışı yapılan siyah zeytinlerin metal içeriğini de saptamak amacıyla, yukarıda bahsedilen metallere ilave olarak magnezyum, krom, kobalt, nikel, ve kalay analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucu elde edilen bilgiler göre; yol kenarı ve sanayi bölgesi yakınlarından toplanan zeytinlerdeki metal kirliliği bakımında her üç bölgede istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Gemlik ve Orhangazi ilçelerindeki zeytinlerin, belirtilen metallerle kirlilik oranlan yüksek düzeylerde bulunurken; bilinen kirlilik unsurlarından uzak olan Mudanya da bu metallere daha düşük düzeylerde rastlanılmıştır. Zeytinlerin fermentasyon periyodu boyunca metal değişimlerine baktığımızda, demir, bakır, çinko ve kadmiyumun farklı oranlarda olmak üzere dönemler boyunca artış gösterdiği, ancak bu artışın 5. ay ile son ürün arasında çok az olduğu saptanmıştır. Kurşun miktarında ise 3. aya kadar artış gösterirken son iki dönemde azalış belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yol kenarı ve sanayi bölgesi yakınlarından toplanan zeytinler hariç, satışa sunulan zeytinlerin hiç birinde standartlarda belirtilen limitlerin üzerinde metal kalıntılarına rastlanılmamıştır. Bununla birlikte araştırmada belirlenen özelikler Bursa bölgesinde yetişen zeytinliklerin ağır metaller ile kirlenme sürecinde olduğunu göstermektedir. Mevcut uygulamaların sürdürülmesi durumunda kirliliğin zaman içinde artacağı ve ileride telafisi güç sorunlarla karşılaşılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
In this study, it was aimed to determine some heavy metal contents of black olives ev. Gemlik, meeting an important part of black table olive demand of our country and bearing an importance with regard to our region. Counties of Orhangazi, Gemlik and Mudanya were chosen with the aim of realizing the trials. In the research, iron, cupper, zinc, lead and cadmium contents of fresh olives grown at road-sides and mountainous were analysed and chemical and metal analyses were carried out in the olives harvested from different sites when fresh, in the 1st, 3r and 5th months of fermentation, or during the marketing period. Moreover, analyses of magnesium, chromium, cobalt, nicel and tin were realized in addition to the metals mentioned, with the aim of determining the metal contents of black olives sold in Bursa market. According to the results obtained from the study, the effects of all three regions on the metal pollution in the olives picked from road-sides and near industrial zones were found significant statistically. The pollution of olives harvested in Gemlik and Orhangazi counties with the mentioned metals was found at high levels, whereas these metals were encountered at lower levels in the olives grown in Mudanya, a country far from these pollution factors. When the metal changes in olives along the fermentation period were considered, it was determined that the levels of iron, cupper, zinc and cadmium increased at different rates during different periods, however, this increase was very slight between the 5th months and the final product stage, while in lead quantities, an increase up to the 3rd month was followed by a reduction during the last two periods. As a result, values above the limits were not encountered in the matketed olives, except those picked from road sides and near industrial zones. However, the featuresIV determined in the study indicate that olives grown in Bursa are in the progress of pollution with heavy metals. It is thought that this pollution will increase in time and problems hard-to compensate for will be encountered if the current situation persists.
In this study, it was aimed to determine some heavy metal contents of black olives ev. Gemlik, meeting an important part of black table olive demand of our country and bearing an importance with regard to our region. Counties of Orhangazi, Gemlik and Mudanya were chosen with the aim of realizing the trials. In the research, iron, cupper, zinc, lead and cadmium contents of fresh olives grown at road-sides and mountainous were analysed and chemical and metal analyses were carried out in the olives harvested from different sites when fresh, in the 1st, 3r and 5th months of fermentation, or during the marketing period. Moreover, analyses of magnesium, chromium, cobalt, nicel and tin were realized in addition to the metals mentioned, with the aim of determining the metal contents of black olives sold in Bursa market. According to the results obtained from the study, the effects of all three regions on the metal pollution in the olives picked from road-sides and near industrial zones were found significant statistically. The pollution of olives harvested in Gemlik and Orhangazi counties with the mentioned metals was found at high levels, whereas these metals were encountered at lower levels in the olives grown in Mudanya, a country far from these pollution factors. When the metal changes in olives along the fermentation period were considered, it was determined that the levels of iron, cupper, zinc and cadmium increased at different rates during different periods, however, this increase was very slight between the 5th months and the final product stage, while in lead quantities, an increase up to the 3rd month was followed by a reduction during the last two periods. As a result, values above the limits were not encountered in the matketed olives, except those picked from road sides and near industrial zones. However, the featuresIV determined in the study indicate that olives grown in Bursa are in the progress of pollution with heavy metals. It is thought that this pollution will increase in time and problems hard-to compensate for will be encountered if the current situation persists.
Description
Keywords
Zeytin, Metaller, AAS, ICP-MS, Olives, Metals
Citation
Şahan, Y. (2004). Gemlik çeşidi siyah zeytinlerin bazı ağır metal içeriklerinin saptanması. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.