Endoftalmi risk faktörleri ve tedaviye yanıtının retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi
Date
2023
Authors
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Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Amaç: Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Göz Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı kliniğinde endoftalmi tanısıyla takip ve tedavi edilen olguların incelenmesi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2016 -Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Göz Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalına başvurmuş, klinik olarak endoftalmi tanısı almış, gerekli tedavisi yapılmış ve en az 6 ay takip altında olan olgular bu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmaya alınan olguların demografik özellikleri, endoftalminin başlangıç süresi, semptomları, eşlik eden sistemik hastalıkları, yakın zamanda hastaneye yatırılma öyküleri kaydedilmiştir. Ayrıntılı biyomikroskobik muayene bulguları değerlendirilmiş, verilen tedaviler, yapılan girişimler ve cerrahiler incelenmiş ve kategorize edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya endoftalmi tanısı olan 97 olgu (27 kadın (%27,8), 70erkek (%72,2)) dahil edilmiştir. Yaş ortalaması 61,7+16,8 yıl olarak bulunmuştur. Olguların 87’si ekzojen endoftalmi, 10’u endojen endoftalmi tanısı almıştır. Yapılan incelemede hastaların %83,5’inin (n=81) 7 gün içerisinde başvurduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ekzojen endoftalmilerin %25,2’si katarak cerrahisi, %6,8’i glokom cerrahisi, %29,8’itravma, %14,9’u keratit, %17,2’si intravitreal enjeksiyon sonrası gelişmiştir. Mikrobiyolojik etken 34 numunede tespit edilebilmiştir (%38,2); ve %54,8’indeStaphylococcus epidermidis ürediği görülmüştür. Çalışmamıza dahil edilen olguların ilk başvuru muayenesinde lensi fakik veya psödofakik olanlar ile optik ortam bulanıklığı nedeniyle lens durumu anlaşılamayanlar arasında prognoz açısından anlamlı fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,001). Başvuru muayenesinde göz içi basıncı (GİB) normoton olanların görme keskinliği hiperton olanlardan anlamlı olarak iyi bulunmuştur (p=0,007). Ekzojenendoftalmi olarak sınıflandırılan olguların başvuru anındaki ön segment bulguları endojen endoftalmi olgularına göre istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı derecede belirgin bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sistemik tedavi ve intravitreal enjeksiyon uygulanan olguların%56,9’unun normal görsel fonksiyonlarını sürdürebildiği görülmüştür (p<0,001)Sonuç: Çalışmamız başlangıç görmenin kötü ve GİB değerinin yüksek olmasının olguların prognozlarının daha kötü seyredeceğini göstermektedir. Sonuçlarımıza göre kültür pozitifliği kötü prognoza işarettir ve öncelikli tedavi yaklaşımında intravitreal antibiyotik kullanılmasının önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Endojen endoftalminin ön segment bulguları daha silik olabilir; böyle olgularda arka segment bulguları tanı koymada ve erken tedavide yol gösterici olabilir. Özellikle ön segment yapıları iyi seçilemeyecek durumda olan olgularda prognoz kötü seyredebilir. Endoftalmi farklı etyolojilerden kaynak alabilen ve görmeyi tehdit edebilen bir tablodur. Erken teşhis, etyolojiye yönelik tedavi ve düzenli takip ile anatomik ve fonsiyonel başarı elde edilebilmektedir.
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the cases diagnosed with endophthalmitis and followed up and treated at Bursa Uludağ UniversityOphthalmology Department clinic. Materials and Methods: Cases who applied to Bursa Uludağ University Department of Ophthalmology between January 2016 and December 2021 were clinically diagnosed with endophthalmitis, received the necessary treatment and were under follow-up for at least 6 months were included in this study. Demographic characteristics of the cases included in this study were studied. The onset time of endophthalmitis, symptoms, accompanying systemic diseases, and recent hospitalization history were also recorded. Detailed biomicroscopic examination findings were evaluated and categorized. Treatments given to the cases, interventions and surgeries were also examined. Results: Ninety-seven cases diagnosed with endophthalmitis (27 women (27.8%), 70 men (72.2%)) were included in this study. The average age was found to be 61.7 + 16.8 years. Eighty-seven of the cases were diagnosed as exogenous endophthalmitis whereas 10 of them were diagnosed as endogenous endophthalmitis. The examination revealed that 83.5% of the patients (n=81) applied within 7 days. 25.2% of the cases developed after cataract surgery, 6.8% after glaucoma surgery, 29.8% after trauma, 14.9% after keratitis, and 17.2% after intravitreal injection. The microbiological agent could be detected in 34 samples (38.2%); it was observed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated at a rate of 54.8%. It was determined that there was a significant difference in prognosis between those whose lenses were phakic or pseudophakic at the initial examination and those whose lens status could not be determined due to optical media cloudiness (p<0.001). At the admission examination, the visual acuity of those with normotone intraocular pressure were found to be significantly better than those with hypertonous intraocular pressure (p = 0.007). Anterior segment findings in cases who were classified as exogenous endophthalmitis at the time of admission were more evident than in those with endogenous endophthalmitis (p<0.05). It was observed that 56.9% of the patients who received systemic treatment with intravitreal injections maintained normal visual functions (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of our study show that the prognosis of cases with poor initial vision will be worse and that high IOP values will negatively affect final vision. Our results also showed that culture positivity indicated poor prognosis and emphasized the importance of using intravitreal antibiotic combinations as the primary treatment approach. In contrast to exogenous endophthalmitis, the anterior segment findings of endogenous endophthalmitis may be more subtle. In such instance, posterior segment findings may guide in the diagnosis and early treatment. The prognosis may be poor in cases where anterior segment structures cannot be clearly identified. Endophthalmitis is a condition that can originate from different etiologies and can threaten vision. Early and accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment for the etiology and regular follow-up are important for anatomical and functional success.
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the cases diagnosed with endophthalmitis and followed up and treated at Bursa Uludağ UniversityOphthalmology Department clinic. Materials and Methods: Cases who applied to Bursa Uludağ University Department of Ophthalmology between January 2016 and December 2021 were clinically diagnosed with endophthalmitis, received the necessary treatment and were under follow-up for at least 6 months were included in this study. Demographic characteristics of the cases included in this study were studied. The onset time of endophthalmitis, symptoms, accompanying systemic diseases, and recent hospitalization history were also recorded. Detailed biomicroscopic examination findings were evaluated and categorized. Treatments given to the cases, interventions and surgeries were also examined. Results: Ninety-seven cases diagnosed with endophthalmitis (27 women (27.8%), 70 men (72.2%)) were included in this study. The average age was found to be 61.7 + 16.8 years. Eighty-seven of the cases were diagnosed as exogenous endophthalmitis whereas 10 of them were diagnosed as endogenous endophthalmitis. The examination revealed that 83.5% of the patients (n=81) applied within 7 days. 25.2% of the cases developed after cataract surgery, 6.8% after glaucoma surgery, 29.8% after trauma, 14.9% after keratitis, and 17.2% after intravitreal injection. The microbiological agent could be detected in 34 samples (38.2%); it was observed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated at a rate of 54.8%. It was determined that there was a significant difference in prognosis between those whose lenses were phakic or pseudophakic at the initial examination and those whose lens status could not be determined due to optical media cloudiness (p<0.001). At the admission examination, the visual acuity of those with normotone intraocular pressure were found to be significantly better than those with hypertonous intraocular pressure (p = 0.007). Anterior segment findings in cases who were classified as exogenous endophthalmitis at the time of admission were more evident than in those with endogenous endophthalmitis (p<0.05). It was observed that 56.9% of the patients who received systemic treatment with intravitreal injections maintained normal visual functions (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of our study show that the prognosis of cases with poor initial vision will be worse and that high IOP values will negatively affect final vision. Our results also showed that culture positivity indicated poor prognosis and emphasized the importance of using intravitreal antibiotic combinations as the primary treatment approach. In contrast to exogenous endophthalmitis, the anterior segment findings of endogenous endophthalmitis may be more subtle. In such instance, posterior segment findings may guide in the diagnosis and early treatment. The prognosis may be poor in cases where anterior segment structures cannot be clearly identified. Endophthalmitis is a condition that can originate from different etiologies and can threaten vision. Early and accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment for the etiology and regular follow-up are important for anatomical and functional success.
Description
Keywords
Endoftalmi, Göz, Ekzojen, Endojen, Retina, Vitreus, Endophthalmitis, Eye, Exogenous, Endogenous, Vitreous
Citation
Kocapınar, S. (2023). Endoftalmi risk faktörleri ve tedaviye yanıtının retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi. Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi.