Publication: Terörizm’de beşinci dalga tartışmaları bağlamında terörizmin dönüşümü: Türkiye ve Ortadoğu’da PKK örneği
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Authors
Authors
Özdemir, Mehmet Durdu
Advisor
Pirinççi, Ferhat
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Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasında terörizmin dönüşümü, David Charles Rapoport'un "Dalga Yaklaşımı" ve bu yaklaşımın bir devamı niteliğinde olan "Terörizm ’de Beşinci Dalga" tartışmaları ekseninde değerlendirilmektedir. Bu değerlendirmenin odağında Türkiye ve Ortadoğu’da faaliyet gösteren bir terör örgütü olarak PKK’nın dönüşümü bir örnek olay olarak incelenmektedir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle modern terörizmin dört dalgası ve terörizmde beşinci dalga tartışmaları kapsamında ileri sürülen teorik yaklaşımlar, literatür taraması yöntemi ile incelenmektedir. Sonrasında PKK'nın örgütsel yapısı, yöntemi, ideolojisi ve amacı incelenerek PKK'nın kuruluşundan günümüze geçirdiği dönüşüm, kırılma noktaları üzerinden ortaya koyulmaktadır. Devamında ise terörizmin dönüşümünü açıklayan teorik yaklaşımlar ile PKK'nın dönüşümü arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıklar karşılaştırılarak analiz edilmektedir. Yapılan karşılaştırma sonucunda, terörizmin dönüşümünü açıklama noktasında öne sürülen argümanların, PKK'nın geçirdiği dönüşümü açıklamada yetersiz kaldığı bulunmuştur. PKK’nın dönüşümünü açıklayabilmek için yeni bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç duyulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çünkü PKK’nın geçirdiği dönüşüm, devletleşmeye yönelik bir amaçla kendine has özelliklere sahiptir. Buradan hareketle devletleşme amacı üzerinden, PKK’nın dönüşümünü açıklama noktasında yeni bir değerlendirmede bulunulmuş ve terörizmin beşinci dalgasının “Devletleşme Amacı” üzerinden şekillenebileceği iddia edilmiştir. Bu anlamda bu tez çalışmasının temel sonucu ve katkısı; literatürde terörizmin dönüşümü ile ilgili iddia ve tartışmaların PKK’nın dönüşümünü açıklamakta yetersiz olduğu, PKK’nın dönüşümünün “"Devletleşme Amacı" üzerinden açıklanabileceği ve “Devletleşme Amacı”nın terörizmin beşinci dalgasını şekillendirebileceği noktasında yeni bir modelin ortaya koyulması olmuştur.
In this thesis, the transformation of terrorism is evaluated in the context of David Charles Rapoport's "Wave Approach" and the "Fifth Wave in Terrorism" discussions, which is a continuation of this approach. The focus of this evaluation is the transformation of the PKK as a terrorist organization operating in Turkey and the Middle East as a case study. In this context, first of all, the theoretical approaches put forward within the scope of the four waves of modern terrorism and the fifth wave in terrorism are examined through the literature review method. Afterwards, the organizational structure, method, ideology and purpose of the PKK are examined and the transformation that the PKK has undergone from its establishment to the present day is revealed through the breaking points. Then, the similarities and differences between the theoretical approaches explaining the transformation of terrorism and the transformation of the PKK are compared and analyzed. As a result of the comparison, it was found that the arguments put forward in explaining the transformation of terrorism were insufficient in explaining the transformation that the PKK has undergone. It was determined that a new approach was needed to explain the transformation of the PKK. Because the transformation that the PKK has gone through has its own characteristics with a purpose towards becoming a state. From here, a new assessment has been made in terms of explaining the transformation of the PKK through the purpose of becoming a state, and it has been claimed that the fifth wave of terrorism can be shaped through the “Purpose of Becoming a State”. In this sense, the main result and contribution of this thesis study is that the claims and discussions regarding the transformation of terrorism in the literature are insufficient to explain the transformation of the PKK, that the transformation of the PKK can be explained through the “Purpose of Becoming a State”, and that the “Purpose of Becoming a State” can shape the fifth wave of terrorism, and that a new model has been put forward.
In this thesis, the transformation of terrorism is evaluated in the context of David Charles Rapoport's "Wave Approach" and the "Fifth Wave in Terrorism" discussions, which is a continuation of this approach. The focus of this evaluation is the transformation of the PKK as a terrorist organization operating in Turkey and the Middle East as a case study. In this context, first of all, the theoretical approaches put forward within the scope of the four waves of modern terrorism and the fifth wave in terrorism are examined through the literature review method. Afterwards, the organizational structure, method, ideology and purpose of the PKK are examined and the transformation that the PKK has undergone from its establishment to the present day is revealed through the breaking points. Then, the similarities and differences between the theoretical approaches explaining the transformation of terrorism and the transformation of the PKK are compared and analyzed. As a result of the comparison, it was found that the arguments put forward in explaining the transformation of terrorism were insufficient in explaining the transformation that the PKK has undergone. It was determined that a new approach was needed to explain the transformation of the PKK. Because the transformation that the PKK has gone through has its own characteristics with a purpose towards becoming a state. From here, a new assessment has been made in terms of explaining the transformation of the PKK through the purpose of becoming a state, and it has been claimed that the fifth wave of terrorism can be shaped through the “Purpose of Becoming a State”. In this sense, the main result and contribution of this thesis study is that the claims and discussions regarding the transformation of terrorism in the literature are insufficient to explain the transformation of the PKK, that the transformation of the PKK can be explained through the “Purpose of Becoming a State”, and that the “Purpose of Becoming a State” can shape the fifth wave of terrorism, and that a new model has been put forward.
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Keywords
Terörizm, Terör, PKK, Terörizm’de beşinci dalga, Terörizmin dönüşümü, Terrorism, Terror, Fifth wave of terrorism, Transformation of terrorism