Bursa'daki aile sağlığı merkezlerine başvuran bireylerin kanser tarama testlerine katılımlarını etkileyen faktörlerin ve covid-19 pandemisinin bu duruma etkisinin değerlendirilmesi
Date
2022
Authors
Sevinç, Erdinç
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Kanser, dünya genelindeki ölümlerin önde gelen nedenlerinden birisidir. Kansere yol açan risk faktörlerinden kaçınılarak ve mevcut kanıta dayalı kanser önleme stratejileri uygulanarak kanserlerin %30 ila %50'si önlenebilmektedir. Ülkemizde Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün önerdiği üç kanser türünde rutin tarama yapılmaktadır. Geçtiğimiz son iki yıldır içinde bulunduğumuz COVID-19 pandemisi yalnızca yüksek morbidite ve mortaliteye sebep olmakla kalmamış, sınırlı kaynakların pandemi ile mücadelede tüketilmesi ile rutin ve koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumu aksamış ve kanser taramaları sekteye uğramıştır. Ayrıca tarama yaptırması gereken kişiler de hastalığa yakalanma korkusu nedeniyle sağlık kuruluşlarına gitmekte tereddüt etmişlerdir. Çalışmamızda aile sağlığı merkezlerine başvuran bireylerin kanser tarama hizmetlerinden yararlanma durumlarının incelenmesi ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerin ortaya konulması ile hizmette aksamaya yönelik problemin tanımlanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamız Bursa iline bağlı 8 ASM'ye 2022 yılı Şubat, Mart ve Nisan aylarında başvuran; ulusal kanser taramaları için uygun yaş ve cinsiyet özelliklerini sağlayan 324 kişi ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara ilk bölümde genel sosyodemografik bilgileri, sağlıklı yaşam davranışları ve kanser taramaları ile ilgili sorular; ikinci bölümde ise Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği bulunan anket yüz yüze uygulanmıştır. Pandemi öncesi dönemde kanser tarama hizmetlerine katılım oranı %52,2 iken pandemi sürecinde bu oranın %16,4'e düştüğü görülmüştür. Bireylerin tarama yaptırmama sebeplerinin yaklaşık yarısı pandemi ile doğrudan ilgilidir. En sık sebep ise pandemi kaynaklı enfeksiyona yakalanma riskidir. Pandemi öncesi dönemde olduğu gibi pandemi sürecinde de bireylerin en sık tarama yaptırmama sebepleri arasında ilk sıralarda, zaman ayıramama ve tarama yapıldığını bilmeme durumları olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma sonucu elde ettiğimiz veriler ve literatürdeki bilgiler ışığında pandemi ile mücadelede, koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerinin yeniden organizasyonu ve halkın bu konuda bilgilendirilmesi konusunda yetersizlik yaşandığı görülmektedir. COVID-19 etkisi azaldıkça tarama hizmetlerinde ortaya çıkabilecek olan yığılmaları önlemek için hizmet olanaklarının artırılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca kanser tarama hizmetlerinde, malignite geliştirme riski daha yüksek olan bireylere öncelik verilmesi gibi bazı stratejik değişiklikler yapılabilir. Benzer kriz durumlarında çalışmamızda bahsettiğimiz önlemler ile sağlık sisteminde yaşanması muhtemel yeni bir krizin önüne geçilmesi mümkün olabilir.
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. By avoiding risk factors causing cancer and by employing cancer prevention strategies dependent on current facts, 30 to 50% of cases can be eliminated. For these reasons, screening for three types of cancers recommended by World Health Organization is employed in our country. COVID-19 was defined as pandemic by World Health Organization in 11 March 2020 and the first case was detected in our country on the same day. As a result of rearranging the resources to manage the pandemic, health services that are thought to be nonemergent such as cancer screening hindered. Besides, individuals suitable for screening hesitated to apply to health centers due to the fear of catching the disease. In this study, I aimed to investigate the factors affecting the status of benefit from cancer screening services from individuals applying to family health centers (FHC) and to define the problem causing the hindrance in the service. This study was performed on 324 individuals that applied to 8 FHCs in Bursa between the dates February and April 2022 with the specific age and gender conditions for national cancer screenings. We employed a face-to-face survey with these participants. In the first part, we asked questions about general socio-demographic information, healthy life attitudes and cancer screening while in the second part, we surveyed with health perception scale. The rate of participation to cancer screening services was 52.2% before pandemic while this rate decreased to 16.4% during pandemic. Approximately, the half of the reasons for not attending to these services was directly linked to pandemic. The major reason is the fear of catching the disease due to the pandemic. Other major reasons for skipping these services such as time construction and unawareness from these services were common in both pre- and during pandemic era. Insufficiency is observed for the reorganization of preventive health services during pandemic and for raising the awareness of people about such services. As the effect of COVID-19 is declining, there can be an overwhelm in health services. To deal with such situation, service facilities and network should be developed. Additionally, there can be strategic changes in cancer screening services such as prioritization of applicants with higher risk of developing malignancies. In similar cases with this pandemic, it could be possible to avoid crisis in health services by employing recommended preventions in this study.
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. By avoiding risk factors causing cancer and by employing cancer prevention strategies dependent on current facts, 30 to 50% of cases can be eliminated. For these reasons, screening for three types of cancers recommended by World Health Organization is employed in our country. COVID-19 was defined as pandemic by World Health Organization in 11 March 2020 and the first case was detected in our country on the same day. As a result of rearranging the resources to manage the pandemic, health services that are thought to be nonemergent such as cancer screening hindered. Besides, individuals suitable for screening hesitated to apply to health centers due to the fear of catching the disease. In this study, I aimed to investigate the factors affecting the status of benefit from cancer screening services from individuals applying to family health centers (FHC) and to define the problem causing the hindrance in the service. This study was performed on 324 individuals that applied to 8 FHCs in Bursa between the dates February and April 2022 with the specific age and gender conditions for national cancer screenings. We employed a face-to-face survey with these participants. In the first part, we asked questions about general socio-demographic information, healthy life attitudes and cancer screening while in the second part, we surveyed with health perception scale. The rate of participation to cancer screening services was 52.2% before pandemic while this rate decreased to 16.4% during pandemic. Approximately, the half of the reasons for not attending to these services was directly linked to pandemic. The major reason is the fear of catching the disease due to the pandemic. Other major reasons for skipping these services such as time construction and unawareness from these services were common in both pre- and during pandemic era. Insufficiency is observed for the reorganization of preventive health services during pandemic and for raising the awareness of people about such services. As the effect of COVID-19 is declining, there can be an overwhelm in health services. To deal with such situation, service facilities and network should be developed. Additionally, there can be strategic changes in cancer screening services such as prioritization of applicants with higher risk of developing malignancies. In similar cases with this pandemic, it could be possible to avoid crisis in health services by employing recommended preventions in this study.
Description
Keywords
COVID-19, Kanser taramaları, Aile sağlığı merkezi, Sağlık algısı ölçeği, Cancer screening, Family health center, Health perception scale
Citation
Sevinç, E. (2022). Bursa'daki aile sağlığı merkezlerine başvuran bireylerin kanser tarama testlerine katılımlarını etkileyen faktörlerin ve covid-19 pandemisinin bu duruma etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi.