Hz. Peygamber dönemi savaş ekonomisi
Date
2022-12-02
Authors
Kuray, Ahmet
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın ana teması Hz. Peygamber dönemi savaş ekonomisidir. Bununla bağlantılı olarak Hz. Peygamber'in harpleri organize etmek için izlediği politikanın içeriği, savaşların iktisadî gerekçeleri, savaşların finanse edilmesi, savaş gelirleri ve gelirlerin iktisadî hayat üzerindeki etkileri ele alınmıştır. Araştırmamızın amacı, Müslümanların sosyal hayatında meydana gelen değişimlerde savaşların rolünü tespit etmektir. Bu bağlamda "Savaş sürecinin iktisadî hayat üzerindeki yansımaları nelerdir?" sorusu, yanıtlamaya çalıştığımız başlıca problemdir. Nitel araştırma yöntemini kullandığımız bu çalışmada, savaş ve ekonomi ilişkisini anlamaya yönelik temalar oluşturulmuştur. Birtakım olumsuz etkileri olmakla birlikte savaş sürecinin ekseriyetle Müslümanların lehine sonuçlandığı tespit edilmiştir. İslâm Devleti'nin ilk yıllarında ticaret, tarım, hayvancılık ve zanaattan oluşan geçim vasıtalarına ganimetler eklenmiş, idarecilik gibi yeni bir istihdam alanı oluşmuştur. Bu durum, başta devlet hazinesi olmak üzere Müslümanların gelirlerine ve iktisadî hayatın çeşitli alanlarına yansımıştır. Savaş gelirlerinin artmasıyla beytülmâl zenginleştiği için kamuoyuna yönelik harcamalarda devletin rolü gelişmiştir. Hayvancılık ve tarım gibi alanlarda önemli gelişmeler kaydedilmiştir. Medine'nin ilk yıllarında iktisadî zorluklarla mücadele eden Müslümanların hayat şartlarında kayda değer gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Henüz kurumsallaşma aşamasındaki İslâm Devleti'nin kısa süre içerisinde elde ettiği bu kazanımlar ise Hz. Peygamber'in savaş ekonomisi sürecinde izlediği politikanın önemine işaret etmektedir.
The main theme of this study is the war economy in the Prophet Muhammad era. In connection with this, the content of the policy of the Prophet Muhammad to organize wars, the economic reasons of wars, the financing of wars, war revenues and the impact of revenues had on economic life are discussed. The aim of our research is to determine the role of wars considering the changes in the social life of Muslims. In this context, the question of "What are the reflections of the war process on economic life?" is the main issue we are trying to answer. In this study, in which we used the qualitative research method, themes were created to understand the relationship between war and economy. Although it had some negative effects, it was determined that the war process mostly resulted in favor of the Muslims. In the first years of the Islamic State, bootys were added to the means of livelihood consisting of trade, agriculture, animal husbandry and crafts, and a new field of employment such as administration was created. This situation had reflections on the incomes of Muslims, especially in the state treasury, and on various areas of economic life. The role of the state in public expenditures was improved, as the Beytulmal became richer with the increase in war revenues. Significant progress was made in areas such as animal husbandry and agriculture. There were significant developments in the living conditions of Muslims who struggled with economic difficulties in their first years in Madina. These gains that the Islamic State, which was still in the institutionalization stage, achieved in a short time, point to the importance of the policy carried out by the Prophet Muhammad during the war economy.
The main theme of this study is the war economy in the Prophet Muhammad era. In connection with this, the content of the policy of the Prophet Muhammad to organize wars, the economic reasons of wars, the financing of wars, war revenues and the impact of revenues had on economic life are discussed. The aim of our research is to determine the role of wars considering the changes in the social life of Muslims. In this context, the question of "What are the reflections of the war process on economic life?" is the main issue we are trying to answer. In this study, in which we used the qualitative research method, themes were created to understand the relationship between war and economy. Although it had some negative effects, it was determined that the war process mostly resulted in favor of the Muslims. In the first years of the Islamic State, bootys were added to the means of livelihood consisting of trade, agriculture, animal husbandry and crafts, and a new field of employment such as administration was created. This situation had reflections on the incomes of Muslims, especially in the state treasury, and on various areas of economic life. The role of the state in public expenditures was improved, as the Beytulmal became richer with the increase in war revenues. Significant progress was made in areas such as animal husbandry and agriculture. There were significant developments in the living conditions of Muslims who struggled with economic difficulties in their first years in Madina. These gains that the Islamic State, which was still in the institutionalization stage, achieved in a short time, point to the importance of the policy carried out by the Prophet Muhammad during the war economy.
Description
Keywords
Hz. Peygamber, Savaş ekonomisi, Ganimet, Muharip, Beytülmal, The Prophet Muhammad, War economy, Booty, Combatant, Beytulmal
Citation
Kuray, A. (2022). Hz. Peygamber dönemi savaş ekonomisi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.