Matematik okuryazarlığı konusunda yetiştirilen öğretmenlerin öğrencilerinde matematik okuryazarlığının gelişiminin incelenmesi
Date
2019-04-22
Authors
Bozkurt, Işıl
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Matematik dersi müfredatları köklü değişiklikler geçirmiş olmasına rağmen, öğretim sürecinde matematik okuryazarlığına yeterince yer verilmediği görülmektedir. Matematik öğretmenlerinin birçoğu günlük yaşam ile matematik arasında nadiren ilişki kurmaktadır. Öğretmenlere, matematik okuryazarlığının yaşamsal yararını göz önünde bulundurarak öğretim sürecinde gerçek yaşam bağlamlarını içeren problemleri kullanmaları ve matematik okuryazarlığı becerilerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacak uygulamalar yapmaları önerilmektedir. Bu durum matematik okuryazarlığı problemi örneklerine ve bu problemlerin öğretimde nerede, ne zaman ve nasıl kullanılacağını belirlemeye olan ihtiyacı ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca bu ihtiyaç karşılandığında, yapılan uygulamaların değerinin ve uygulamanın öğrencilerin matematik okuryazarlığı başarı düzeyinin gelişmesine sağlayacağı katkının nasıl ölçülebileceği de önem arz etmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu tez kapsamında öncelikle 28 matematik öğretmenine matematik okuryazarlığı problemi kurma ve çözme eğitimi (30 saat) verilmiştir. Bu öğretmenler arasından dört öğretmen belirlenmiş ve öğretmenlerin sınıflarında bir dönem boyunca beş, altı, yedi ve sekizinci sınıf öğrencileri ile matematik okuryazarlığı problemleri çözülmüştür. İç içe deneysel karma desen üzerine kurulan bu tezin nicel boyutu eşitlenmemiş kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen, nitel boyutu ise bütüncül çoklu durum çalışması olarak tasarlanıp uygulanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu oluşturan deney grubu 27 beşinci sınıf, 28 altıncı sınıf, 25 yedinci sınıf ve 25 sekizinci sınıf olmak üzere 105 öğrenciden, kontrol grubu ise farklı 105 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Tez kapsamında öğretmenlerin almış oldukları eğitimi sınıflarına yansıtma durumları, eğitimin öğrencilerin matematik okuryazarlığı başarı düzeyine etkileri ile bu etkinin kalıcılığı, matematik okuryazarlığı problemi çözme sürecinde öğrencilerin hata kaynakları ve uygulamanın sınıf içi öğrenci katılımına etkileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında veriler katılımcı gözlem (araştırmacı), günlük (tüm öğrenciler), mülakat (23 öğrenci ve öğretmenlerle), odak grup görüşmesi (tüm sınıflarda) ve ön-son testler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Çalışmada 98 ders saati boyunca sınıf gözlemleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda öğrencilerin matematik okuryazarlığı başarı düzeylerinin arttığı ve sınıf içi katılım performanslarının olumlu yönde etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Bu olumlu etkinin öğrenci görüşlerine de yansıdığı görülmüştür. Tez planı içinde yer almamakla birlikte ailelerin de informal olarak uygulama ile ilgili olumlu tepkilerine tanık olunmuştur. Öğrenci günlükleri aracılığıyla toplanan verilerden; öğrencilerin bir problemi çözmeye değer bulma nedenleri, çözememe nedenleri, matematiğin gerçek yaşamda kullanıldığı yerler ve matematik okuryazarlığı problemlerinin diğer problemlerden farkları ile ilgili görüşleri belirlenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak öğrencilerin matematik okuryazarlığı problemleri ile ilgili görüşlerinin süreç içindeki değişimi de ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca matematik okuryazarlığı problem çözme sürecinde yaşanan hata kaynakları da incelenmiştir. Buna göre, en büyük zorluğun problemi anlama aşamasında yaşandığı belirlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak öğrencilerin matematiksel çıkarımda bulunma, matematiksel öneri geliştirme, problemin matematiksel modelini oluşturma, matematiksel dilin yaşamdaki karşılığını anlama ve yaşamsal durumun matematik dilindeki karşılığını anlama süreçlerinde zorluk yaşadıkları görülmüştür. Araştırmacı ve eğitimcilerin, yapacakları eğitimsel müdahalelerde elde edilen bu sonuçları dikkate almaları önerilmektedir. Bu tez kapsamında "Matematik Okuryazarlığı Problem Çözme Sürecinin Aşamaları" olarak isimlendirilen bir çerçeve de literatürden uyarlanmış ve gelecekteki çalışmalarda kullanılmak üzere önerilmiştir. Matematik okuryazarlığı problemleri bağlamsal olmaları ve okul matematiği ile yaşam arasındaki kopukluğu giderme rolü üstlenmeleri itibariyle geleneksel problemlerden kısmen farklılaşmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında matematik okuryazarlığı problemlerinin çözüm süreci için önerilen çerçeve bu tezin öne sürdüğü bir yeniliktir.
Even though mathematics curricula have undergone fundamental changes, it is clear that mathematical literacy is not sufficiently covered in the teaching process. Many mathematics teachers rarely establish a relationship between everyday life and mathematics. Teachers are advised to use the real-life context problems in the teaching process and make practices that contribute to the development of mathematical literacy skills by taking into consideration the vital benefits of mathematical literacy. This reveals the need for the samples of mathematical literacy problems and the need to determine where, when, and how these problems are to be used in teaching. Furthermore, when this need is met, it is also crucially important to how to measure the value of the practices and the contribution of these practices to the improvement of the students' achievement level of mathematical literacy. Starting from this point of view, in this thesis, firstly, 28 mathematics teachers were given training of posing and solving mathematical literacy problems (30 hours). Four teachers were identified out of the 28 teachers and mathematical literacy problems were solved with the five, six, seven and eighth grade students in the classrooms of these teachers during one semester. The quantitative dimension of this thesis based on nested experimental mixed design was designed and implemented as a quasi-experimental design with a non-equalized control group, and the quantitative dimension as a holistic multiple case study. The experimental group of the study group consisted of 105 students, 27 students the fifth grade, 28, sixth grade, 25, seventh grade and 25, eighth grade students, and the control group consisted of 105 different students. Within the scope of the thesis, we aimed to establish the extent the teachers tried to reflect the education they received onto their classes, effects of the education the students received on their mathematical literacy achievement levels, the permanence of this effect, the error sources of the students in the process of solving the mathematical literacy problems and the effects of the application on the in-class student engagement. The data were collected through participant observation (the researcher), diaries (all students), interviews (with 23 students and the teachers), focus group interviews (all the classes involved) and pre and posttests. A total of 98 class-hours of class observations were made. Consequently in the study, it was found that students' mathematical literacy accomplishment levels increased and their classroom participation performance was positively affected. It was observed that this positive effect was also reflected in the assessments of the students. Even though it was not included in the thesis plan, the positive responses of families to the practice were informally witnessed. From the data collected through the student diaries, the reasons of students for considering a problem worthwhile to solve, their reasons for not solving them, the places where mathematics was used in real life and the differences of mathematical literacy problems from other problems were identified. Additionally, the change in the students' assessments on mathematical literacy problems within the process was also revealed. Furthermore, the errors sources experienced in the problem solving process of mathematical literacy were also examined. Accordingly, it was revealed that the major difficulty was experienced in understanding the problem. In addition, it was observed that students had difficulties in the processes of making mathematical inferences, developing a mathematical suggestion, creating the mathematical model of the problem, understanding the equivalent mathematical language in real life and understanding the mathematical equivalent of the vital situation. Researchers and educators are recommended to take into account these results obtained in their educational interventions. Within the scope of this thesis, a framework named as the "Stages of the Mathematical Literacy Problem Solving Process" was adapted from the relevant literature and proposed for use in future studies as well. The mathematical literacy problems are partly differentiated from the traditional problems as they are contextual and play a role in removing the gap between the school mathematics and real life. In the present study, the framework offered for the solution of mathematical literacy problems is an innovation proposed by this thesis.
Even though mathematics curricula have undergone fundamental changes, it is clear that mathematical literacy is not sufficiently covered in the teaching process. Many mathematics teachers rarely establish a relationship between everyday life and mathematics. Teachers are advised to use the real-life context problems in the teaching process and make practices that contribute to the development of mathematical literacy skills by taking into consideration the vital benefits of mathematical literacy. This reveals the need for the samples of mathematical literacy problems and the need to determine where, when, and how these problems are to be used in teaching. Furthermore, when this need is met, it is also crucially important to how to measure the value of the practices and the contribution of these practices to the improvement of the students' achievement level of mathematical literacy. Starting from this point of view, in this thesis, firstly, 28 mathematics teachers were given training of posing and solving mathematical literacy problems (30 hours). Four teachers were identified out of the 28 teachers and mathematical literacy problems were solved with the five, six, seven and eighth grade students in the classrooms of these teachers during one semester. The quantitative dimension of this thesis based on nested experimental mixed design was designed and implemented as a quasi-experimental design with a non-equalized control group, and the quantitative dimension as a holistic multiple case study. The experimental group of the study group consisted of 105 students, 27 students the fifth grade, 28, sixth grade, 25, seventh grade and 25, eighth grade students, and the control group consisted of 105 different students. Within the scope of the thesis, we aimed to establish the extent the teachers tried to reflect the education they received onto their classes, effects of the education the students received on their mathematical literacy achievement levels, the permanence of this effect, the error sources of the students in the process of solving the mathematical literacy problems and the effects of the application on the in-class student engagement. The data were collected through participant observation (the researcher), diaries (all students), interviews (with 23 students and the teachers), focus group interviews (all the classes involved) and pre and posttests. A total of 98 class-hours of class observations were made. Consequently in the study, it was found that students' mathematical literacy accomplishment levels increased and their classroom participation performance was positively affected. It was observed that this positive effect was also reflected in the assessments of the students. Even though it was not included in the thesis plan, the positive responses of families to the practice were informally witnessed. From the data collected through the student diaries, the reasons of students for considering a problem worthwhile to solve, their reasons for not solving them, the places where mathematics was used in real life and the differences of mathematical literacy problems from other problems were identified. Additionally, the change in the students' assessments on mathematical literacy problems within the process was also revealed. Furthermore, the errors sources experienced in the problem solving process of mathematical literacy were also examined. Accordingly, it was revealed that the major difficulty was experienced in understanding the problem. In addition, it was observed that students had difficulties in the processes of making mathematical inferences, developing a mathematical suggestion, creating the mathematical model of the problem, understanding the equivalent mathematical language in real life and understanding the mathematical equivalent of the vital situation. Researchers and educators are recommended to take into account these results obtained in their educational interventions. Within the scope of this thesis, a framework named as the "Stages of the Mathematical Literacy Problem Solving Process" was adapted from the relevant literature and proposed for use in future studies as well. The mathematical literacy problems are partly differentiated from the traditional problems as they are contextual and play a role in removing the gap between the school mathematics and real life. In the present study, the framework offered for the solution of mathematical literacy problems is an innovation proposed by this thesis.
Description
Keywords
Matematik okuryazarlığı, Sınıf içi öğrenci katılımı, Matematik okuryazarlığı problemi, Matematik okuryazarlığı problemi çözme sürecinin aşamaları, Matematik okuryazarlığı problemi çözme sürecindeki hata kaynakları, Mathematical literacy, Mathematical literacy problem, In-class student engagement, Stages of mathematical literacy problem solving process, Error sources in the process of solving mathematical literacy problem
Citation
Bozkurt, I. (2019). Matematik okuryazarlığı konusunda yetiştirilen öğretmenlerin öğrencilerinde matematik okuryazarlığının gelişiminin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.