Bursa’da iç ve dış mekan hava örneklerinde poliaromatik hidrokarbonların (PAHs) belirlenmesi
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Date
2017-12-27
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Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık
Abstract
Kalıcı Organik Kirleticiler’den (KOK) olan poliaromatik hidrokarbonların (PAH’lar) bina içi ve dış atmosferik ortamlarda belirlenmesine yönelik çalışmalara olan ilgi gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bunun sebebi KOK’ların çevreye özellikle insan sağlığı üzerine olan olumsuz etkilerinin yapılan çalışmalarla ortaya konulmasıdır. Yapılan çalışmada Bursa ili’nde yer alan 12 adet evin iç ortamından (mutfak ve oturulan oda) ve bu evlerden 6 tanesinin aynı zamanda dış ortamından pasif örnekleme metodu ile hava örneği alınarak PAH seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Örnekleme kapı ve pencerenin açık olduğu yaz mevsimi (18.07.2014- 01.09.2014) ile kapı ve pencerenin kapalı olduğu sonbahar mevsiminde (18.10.2014-01.12.2014) yapılmıştır. Ortalama toplam PAH konsantrasyonları yaz mevsiminde oturma odası ve mutfakta sırası ile 20,3±17,9 ng/m3 ve 22,9±28,0 ng/m3 değerlerini alırken sonbahar mevsiminde 27,2±20,0 ng/m3 ve 21,7±10,5 ng/m3 değerlerini almıştır. Dış ortamda ölçülen ortalama toplam PAH konsantrasyonları ise yaz mevsiminde 10,2±6,0 ng/m3 , sonbahar mevsiminde de 20,5±11,0 ng/m3 değerlerini almıştır. Özellikle sonbahar mevsiminde ısınma amaçlı yakmanın başlaması ile birlikte genellikle kirletici kaynak dış ortam olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada oturma odası, mutfak ve dış ortam için mevsimsel olarak tanı oranları hesaplanmış ve düşük molekül ağırlığına sahip toplam PAH türlerinin, yüksek molekül ağırlığına sahip toplam PAH türlerine oranı 1’in üzerinde çıkmıştır. Bu sonuç PAH’ların kaynağının petrol, yani trafik olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
PAHs are a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and they can be determined in indoor and outdoor environment and the studies to determine these pollutants are increasing day by day. The reason for this the negative effect of POPs on the environment especially for human health is revealed by different studies. In the current study, PAHs were determined by passive sampling method from indoor (kitchen and living room) air samples of 12 houses and outdoor air samples of 6 houses. Sampling was conducted in two seasons. The sampling took place in the summer season (between 18.07.2014 and 01.09.2014) when windows were generally open and in the autumn season (between 18.10.2014 and 01.12.2014) when windows were kept mostly closed. Average total PAH concentrations in the summer were 20.3±17.9 ng/m3 and 22.,9±28.0 ng/m3 in living room and kitchen, respectively, whereas average total PAH concentrations for living room and kitchen in the autumn were 27.2±20.0 ng/m3 and 21.7±10.5 ng/m3, respectively. Ambient air PAH concentrations in summer and autumn were 10.2±6.0 ng/m3 and 20.5±11.0 ng/m3, respectively. Outdoor ambient air was a particular contamination source when the weather got colder and heating systems were in use. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs were calculated for living room, kitchen and outdoor ambient air and the ratio of lower molecular weight PAHs to higher molecular weight PAHs was calculated to be higher than one. This result indicates that the source of PAHs was mostly petrogenic or originated from vehicles/traffic.
PAHs are a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and they can be determined in indoor and outdoor environment and the studies to determine these pollutants are increasing day by day. The reason for this the negative effect of POPs on the environment especially for human health is revealed by different studies. In the current study, PAHs were determined by passive sampling method from indoor (kitchen and living room) air samples of 12 houses and outdoor air samples of 6 houses. Sampling was conducted in two seasons. The sampling took place in the summer season (between 18.07.2014 and 01.09.2014) when windows were generally open and in the autumn season (between 18.10.2014 and 01.12.2014) when windows were kept mostly closed. Average total PAH concentrations in the summer were 20.3±17.9 ng/m3 and 22.,9±28.0 ng/m3 in living room and kitchen, respectively, whereas average total PAH concentrations for living room and kitchen in the autumn were 27.2±20.0 ng/m3 and 21.7±10.5 ng/m3, respectively. Ambient air PAH concentrations in summer and autumn were 10.2±6.0 ng/m3 and 20.5±11.0 ng/m3, respectively. Outdoor ambient air was a particular contamination source when the weather got colder and heating systems were in use. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs were calculated for living room, kitchen and outdoor ambient air and the ratio of lower molecular weight PAHs to higher molecular weight PAHs was calculated to be higher than one. This result indicates that the source of PAHs was mostly petrogenic or originated from vehicles/traffic.
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Keywords
Engineering, Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, Indoor and outdoor environment, Passive sampling, Bursa, Polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons, Pm2.5, Area, City, Site, Ion, Poliaromatik hidrokarbonlar, İç ve dış ortam, Pasif örnekleme, Heating, Hydrocarbons, Kitchens, Molecular weight, Organic pollutants, Contamination sources, Diagnostic ratios, Indoor and outdoor airs, Outdoor environment, Persistent organic pollutants
Citation
Esen, F. ve Kayıkçı, G. (2018). ''Bursa’da iç ve dış mekan hava örneklerinde poliaromatik hidrokarbonların (PAHs) belirlenmesi''. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 33(4), 1531-1541.