Birinci basamakta yetişkin hastalarda polifarmasi, akılcı ilaç kullanımı ve tedavi uyumunu etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması
Date
2021
Authors
Ülger, Ersin
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Dünya genelinde giderek artan nüfusla birlikte özellikle kronik hastalıklar ve ilaç kullanımı artmaktadır. İlaç kullanımının artması ile beraber ‘polifarmasi’ dediğimiz çoklu ilaç kullanımı durumu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Akılcı ilaç kullanımı ise, doğru tanı ve tedavi yöntemi ile hastanın uygun ilacı, uygun süre ve dozda, en düşük fiyat ile kolayca sağlayıp kullanabilmesidir. Bu tez çalışması, Bursa ili 36 nolu Ertuğrul Eğitim Aile Sağlığı Merkezinde takibi yapılan ve kronik ilaç kullanımı olan hastalar arasında birinci basamakta yetişkin hastalarda polifarmasi, akılcı ilaç kullanımı ve tedavi uyumunu etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu oluşturan 249 hastanın yaş ortalaması 51 yıl olup; %64,7’si (n:161) kadın, %35,3’ü (n:88) erkektir. Hastaların kronik hastalık takiplerini %35,2’sinin düzenli yaptırmadığını, %37,8’inin çok fazla ilaç kullandığını ve azaltılması gerektiğini düşündüğünü, %28,8’inin ilaç yan etkisine maruz kaldığı görülmüştür. Hastaların %44,3’ü kullandığı ilaçların yan etkisini bilmemekte, %43,2’si kronik ilaçları harici ek tedavi kullandığını belirtmektedir. Genel Sağlık Anketi-12 Ölçeği total puan ortalaması 2,24 olup katılımcıların %42,6’sı psikolojik hastalık açısından risklidir. Polifarmasi dediğimiz yani 4 ve üzeri ilaç kullanımı olanların genel sağlık anketi puanı anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir (p=0,039). Genel sağlık anketinden yüksek risk grubunda puan alanların kronik ilaçları harici ek tedavi kullanımları %48,5 ile diğer gruplara oranla yüksek olduğu gösterilmiştir (p=0,014). İlaç yan etkisinin görülenlerin genel sağlık anketi puanı anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,001). İlaç yan etkisi görülmeyen bireylerde 1-3 adet ilaç kullanımı olanlar %76,2 ile 4 ve üzeri ilaç kullanımı olanlara kıyasla anlamlı olarak yüksektir (p=0,005). viii Kadınlarda reçetesiz ağrı kesici kullanımı %58,4 (p=0,01) ve vitamin/mineral kullanımı %35,4 (p<0,001) ile erkeklere göre daha yüksek kullandığı görülmüştür. Bireylerin bitkisel tedavi kullanımları yaş grupları ile kıyaslandığında yaş arttıkça bitkisel tedavi kullanımlarının arttığı görülmüştür (p=0,005). Polifarmasi varlığının istenmeyen ilaç reaksiyonları, ilaç-ilaç etkileşimleri, hastaneye yatış ve mortalite gibi risk faktörlerini beraberinde getirmesi nedeniyle bireylerin yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemesi olasıdır. Birinci basamakta yaşlanma ile beraber polifarmasi oranlarının arttığı, polifarmasi oranlarının artması ile ilaç yan etkilerine maruz kalmanın arttığı yine genel sağlık anketinden alınan puanın artması ile beraber polifarmasi ve ilaç yan etiklerine maruz kalma oranlarının arttığı görülmüştür. Birinci basamakta hasta popülasyonun önemli bir kısmını oluşturan yaşlı ve kronik ilaç kullanımı olan hastalarda polifarmasi ve ilaç yan etkilerine maruz kalma açısından akılcı ilaç kullanım esasları özellikle dikkate alınmalı. Hastalık ve ilaç takipleri açısından hastaların bilgi düzeyi artırılmalıdır.
With the increasing population, especially chronic diseases and drug use are increasing. With the increase in drug use, the use of multiple drugs, which we call "polypharmacy", emerges. Rational drug use, on the other hand, is that with the correct diagnosis and treatment method, the patient can easily provide and use the appropriate drug for the appropriate time and dose at the lowest price. In this thesis study, patients who were followed up in Ertuğrul Education Family Health Center with number 36 in Bursa and had chronic drug use were included, and it was aimed to investigate the factors affecting polypharmacy, rational drug use and treatment compliance in adult patients in primary care. The average age of 249 patients in the study group is 51 years; 64.7% (n: 161) of them are female, 35.3% (n: 88) of them are male. It was observed that 35.2% of the patients did not have their chronic disease followups regularly, 37.8% used too much medication and thought that it should be reduced, and 28.8% were exposed to drug side effects. 44.3% of patients do not know the side effects of the drugs they use, and 43.2% state that they use additional treatment other than chronic drugs. General Health Survey-12 Scale, its total score average is 2.24, and 42.6% of the participants are risky in terms of psychological illness. The overall health survey score of those who use drugs 4 and above, which we call polypharmacy, is significantly higher (p=0.039). It was shown that those who scored in the high-risk group from the general health survey were higher than other groups with 48.5% of the use of additional treatment x outside of chronic drugs (p=0.014). The general health questionnaire score of individuals with drug side effects was found to be significantly higher (p <0.001). In individuals without drug side effects, those who used 1-3 drugs were significantly higher with 76.2% compared to those who used 4 or more drugs (p <0.005). Non-prescription painkiller use in women was 58.4% (p=0.01) and vitamin/mineral use was 35.4% (p<0.001) higher than in men. When the use of herbal treatment was compared with the age groups, it was observed that the use of herbal treatment increased as the age increased (p = 0.005). It is possible that the presence of polypharmacy may negatively affect the quality of life of individuals due to the fact that it brings with it risk factors such as undesirable drug reactions, drug-drug interactions, hospitalization and mortality. In primary care, it was observed that polypharmacy rates increased with aging, exposure to drug side effects increased with the increase in polypharmacy rates, and with the increase in the score obtained from the general health questionnaire, polypharmacy and exposure to drug side effects increased. In patients with elderly and chronic drug use, who make up a significant part of the patient population in primary care, rational drug use principles should be taken into account in terms of polypharmacy and exposure to drug side effects. Patients ' knowledge level should be increased in terms of disease and drug follow-up.
With the increasing population, especially chronic diseases and drug use are increasing. With the increase in drug use, the use of multiple drugs, which we call "polypharmacy", emerges. Rational drug use, on the other hand, is that with the correct diagnosis and treatment method, the patient can easily provide and use the appropriate drug for the appropriate time and dose at the lowest price. In this thesis study, patients who were followed up in Ertuğrul Education Family Health Center with number 36 in Bursa and had chronic drug use were included, and it was aimed to investigate the factors affecting polypharmacy, rational drug use and treatment compliance in adult patients in primary care. The average age of 249 patients in the study group is 51 years; 64.7% (n: 161) of them are female, 35.3% (n: 88) of them are male. It was observed that 35.2% of the patients did not have their chronic disease followups regularly, 37.8% used too much medication and thought that it should be reduced, and 28.8% were exposed to drug side effects. 44.3% of patients do not know the side effects of the drugs they use, and 43.2% state that they use additional treatment other than chronic drugs. General Health Survey-12 Scale, its total score average is 2.24, and 42.6% of the participants are risky in terms of psychological illness. The overall health survey score of those who use drugs 4 and above, which we call polypharmacy, is significantly higher (p=0.039). It was shown that those who scored in the high-risk group from the general health survey were higher than other groups with 48.5% of the use of additional treatment x outside of chronic drugs (p=0.014). The general health questionnaire score of individuals with drug side effects was found to be significantly higher (p <0.001). In individuals without drug side effects, those who used 1-3 drugs were significantly higher with 76.2% compared to those who used 4 or more drugs (p <0.005). Non-prescription painkiller use in women was 58.4% (p=0.01) and vitamin/mineral use was 35.4% (p<0.001) higher than in men. When the use of herbal treatment was compared with the age groups, it was observed that the use of herbal treatment increased as the age increased (p = 0.005). It is possible that the presence of polypharmacy may negatively affect the quality of life of individuals due to the fact that it brings with it risk factors such as undesirable drug reactions, drug-drug interactions, hospitalization and mortality. In primary care, it was observed that polypharmacy rates increased with aging, exposure to drug side effects increased with the increase in polypharmacy rates, and with the increase in the score obtained from the general health questionnaire, polypharmacy and exposure to drug side effects increased. In patients with elderly and chronic drug use, who make up a significant part of the patient population in primary care, rational drug use principles should be taken into account in terms of polypharmacy and exposure to drug side effects. Patients ' knowledge level should be increased in terms of disease and drug follow-up.
Description
Keywords
Polifarmasi, Akılcı ilaç kullanımı, Tedavi uyumu, Genel sağlık anketi, Polypharmacy, Rational drug use, Treatment compliance, General health survey
Citation
Ülger, E. (2021). Birinci basamakta yetişkin hastalarda polifarmasi, akılcı ilaç kullanımı ve tedavi uyumunu etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması. Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi.