19.yüzyılda Kalas (Galati) İskelesi
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Date
2015-07-13
Authors
Süt, Hadis
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Kalas (Galati) Osmanlı arşiv belgelerinde kasaba olarak geçmektedir. Romanya'da, aşağı Tuna nehri sahilinin sol tarafında, Bükreş'in kuzeydoğusunda yer alır. Kasaba Seret (Siretu) nehrinin Tuna'ya döküldüğü yerde bulunur. Aynı isimle bir limanı vardır. 19. yüzyılda kalas'ın idari yapısı dönemin idarecileri tarafından hazırlanan nizamnamelerle şekillenmiştir. Kalas'ın idaresinde etkili olan kurum şehbenderhanelerdi. Kalas; Avrupa komisyonunun Tuna Nehri üzerinde oluşturduğu idarenin merkeziydi. Kalas 19. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde yaşanan kolera salgınında ciddi kayıplar vermiştir. Boğdan'a bağlı bir kaza olan Kalas, Eflak ve Boğdan'ın, Tuna civarındaki üretim bölgelerinin hububatını ihraç eden en önemli iskeledir. Kalas'ın, Tuna'nın Karadenize dökülen ağzında yer alan Sünne limanıyla büyük çapta bir ticareti vardı. Avusturya ve İngiltere'nin Kalas'ın ticaretinde önemli bir hakimiyeti görülmektedir. Özellikle Avusturya gemi taşımacılığında söz sahibiydi. Kalas 19.yüzyıl azınlık isyanlarından etkilenmiş, Rumlar ve Ermenilerin çalışmalarına sahne olmuştur. Rusya'nın Kalas'taki bu hareketlenmelere destek vererek hakimiyet kurmaya çalıştığı görülmektedir. Rusya'nın Kırım savaşı ve 1877-1878 Osmanlı Rus savaşları öncesi Kalas'taki çalışmaları hakimiyet kurma çabasının sonuçlarıydı. Bu çalışmada Tuna Nehri üzerinde bulunan Kalas iskelesinin 19.yüzyılda sahip olduğu idari ve ticari konumu açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Galati has been mentioned as a town in Otoman archives.It is located at the left side of down the river Danube and in northeast of Bucharest in Romania. The town is located in where river Siret flows into river Danube. It has a harbour with the same name. In the 19th century, administrative structure was organized with regulations prepared by administrators. The organizations which have a impact on the administration of Galati were the embassies. Galati was the center of the administration that European Comission assembled on river Danube. Galati, had serious losses because of cholera epidemic in the last quarter of the 19th century. Galati as a town connected to Moldavia, was the most important port of Wallachia and Moldavia which had exported cereals of the production regions around river Tuna. Galati used to have a large amount of trade with harbour Sulina in where river Danube flows into Black Sea. It is obviously seen that Austria and England had an important dominance on the trade of Galati. Especially Austria used to have influence on shipping. Galati was affected by the minority riots in the 19th century, and had witness to activities of Greeks and Armenians. It is seen that Russia had tried to provide a domination supporting these activities in Galati. The attempts of Russia in Galati before Crimea war and 1877-1878 Ottoman - Russian wars, were the results of effort of establishing dominance. In this study, it is intended to explain the administrative and commercial situation of harbour Galati located on the river Danube in the 19th century.
Galati has been mentioned as a town in Otoman archives.It is located at the left side of down the river Danube and in northeast of Bucharest in Romania. The town is located in where river Siret flows into river Danube. It has a harbour with the same name. In the 19th century, administrative structure was organized with regulations prepared by administrators. The organizations which have a impact on the administration of Galati were the embassies. Galati was the center of the administration that European Comission assembled on river Danube. Galati, had serious losses because of cholera epidemic in the last quarter of the 19th century. Galati as a town connected to Moldavia, was the most important port of Wallachia and Moldavia which had exported cereals of the production regions around river Tuna. Galati used to have a large amount of trade with harbour Sulina in where river Danube flows into Black Sea. It is obviously seen that Austria and England had an important dominance on the trade of Galati. Especially Austria used to have influence on shipping. Galati was affected by the minority riots in the 19th century, and had witness to activities of Greeks and Armenians. It is seen that Russia had tried to provide a domination supporting these activities in Galati. The attempts of Russia in Galati before Crimea war and 1877-1878 Ottoman - Russian wars, were the results of effort of establishing dominance. In this study, it is intended to explain the administrative and commercial situation of harbour Galati located on the river Danube in the 19th century.
Description
Keywords
Osmanlı, İskele, Nehir, Kalas, Tuna, Ottoman, Harbour, River, Galati, Danube
Citation
Süt, H. (2015). 19.yüzyılda Kalas (Galati) İskelesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.