Publication: Türk İş Hukukunda ikale sözleşmesi
Date
Authors
Authors
Gürler, Ali Fethi
Advisor
Yürekli, Sabahattin
Language
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Publisher:
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Tarafların birbirlerine uyumlu irade beyanlarıyla var olan bir sözleşmeyi beraberce sona erdirme hali olan ikale sözleşmesi mevzuatımızda düzenlenmiş değildir. Borçlar Hukukuna egemen olan “sözleşme özgürlüğü” ilkesinin bir sonucu olan ikale sözleşmesinin iş hukukundaki uygulamasına 1475 sayılı İş Kanunu döneminde pek rastlanmamıştır. Özellikle 4773 sayılı Kanun’un beraberinde getirdiği iş güvencesi hükümleriyle beraber ikale sözleşmesinin daha fazla tercih edildiği görülmektedir. Başta fesih olmak üzere diğer sona erme hallerinden farklılıklar barındıran ikale sözleşmesinin çerçevesi, Borçlar Hukukunun genel ilkeleriyle beraber Yargıtay’ın iş hukukunun kendine özgü durumlarını göz önüne alarak ortaya koyduğu kriterlerle çizilmiştir. Bu kapsamda “makul yarar” kavramı ortaya çıkmış ve ikale sözleşmesi akdeden işçinin, öneriyi kimin yaptığına bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösteren, bunda bir menfaatinin olması gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, işçinin ekonomik geleceğini ciddi anlamda etkileyen ikale sözleşmesinin geçerliliği Borçlar Hukuku ve iş hukukuna hakim ilkeler ışığında ve nihayetinde Yargıtay içtihatları kapsamında ele alınmış nihayetinde geçerli ve geçersiz ikale sözleşmelerinin doğurduğu hukuki sonuçlar incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
The mutual termination of an existing contract by the parties through compatible declarations of intent, known as a mutual rescission agreement, is not regulated in our legislation. The application of the mutual rescission agreement, which is a result of the principle of "freedom of contract" dominant in the law of obligations, was rarely seen during the period of the Labor Law No. 1475. It is observed that mutual rescission agreements have become more preferred, especially with the job security provisions introduced by Law No. 4773. The framework of the mutual rescission agreement, which contains differences from other termination cases, particularly dismissal, is drawn by the general principles of the law of obligations along with the criteria set forth by the Supreme Court considering the unique circumstances of labor law. Within this scope, the concept of "reasonable benefit" has emerged, indicating that the worker entering into a mutual rescission agreement must have an interest in it, which varies depending on who made the proposal. In our study, the validity of the mutual rescission agreement, which significantly affects the economic future of the worker, is examined in light of the principles prevailing in the law of obligations and labor law, and ultimately within the context of the Supreme Court's jurisprudence. The legal consequences of valid and invalid mutual rescission agreements are analyzed.
The mutual termination of an existing contract by the parties through compatible declarations of intent, known as a mutual rescission agreement, is not regulated in our legislation. The application of the mutual rescission agreement, which is a result of the principle of "freedom of contract" dominant in the law of obligations, was rarely seen during the period of the Labor Law No. 1475. It is observed that mutual rescission agreements have become more preferred, especially with the job security provisions introduced by Law No. 4773. The framework of the mutual rescission agreement, which contains differences from other termination cases, particularly dismissal, is drawn by the general principles of the law of obligations along with the criteria set forth by the Supreme Court considering the unique circumstances of labor law. Within this scope, the concept of "reasonable benefit" has emerged, indicating that the worker entering into a mutual rescission agreement must have an interest in it, which varies depending on who made the proposal. In our study, the validity of the mutual rescission agreement, which significantly affects the economic future of the worker, is examined in light of the principles prevailing in the law of obligations and labor law, and ultimately within the context of the Supreme Court's jurisprudence. The legal consequences of valid and invalid mutual rescission agreements are analyzed.
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Keywords
İş Kanunu, İkale sözleşmesi, İş sözleşmesinin sona ermesi, Makul yarar, İş güvencesi, Labour law, Mutual rescission, Termination of employment contract, Reasonable benefit, Labor-job protection