COVID-19 pandemi dönemi BIST’da işlem gören bankaların finansal performansının farklı kriter ağırlıklandırma yöntemleri ile çok kriterli karar analizi
Date
2023-02-10
Authors
Gökdemir, Tuğba
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 Pandemi döneminin Borsa İstanbul (BIST)`da faaliyet gösteren bankaların finansal performansları üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek ve bankaların bu dönemdeki finansal performanslarını karşılaştırmaktır. Ayrıca çalışma seçilen üç Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemini kullanarak elde edilen sıralamaların benzerliğini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada; bankaların finansal performanslarını ölçme aşamasında, kriterlerin ağırlıklık değerlerini belirlemek ve bankaların performanslarını sıralamak amacı ile ÇKKV yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bankalara ait finansal oranlar kriter olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu kriterlerin ağırlıklarının belirlenmesi için iki farklı yöntem kullanılmıştır. Bunlar; objektif ağırlıklandırma yöntemi olan CRITIC yöntemi ile subjektif ağırlıklandırma yöntemi olan DEMATEL yöntemidir. Alternatiflerin sıralanması için; ÇKKV yöntemlerinden Amerikan Ekolüne ait VİKOR, TOPSIS ve Avrupa Ekolüne ait PROMETHEE II yöntemleri tercih edilmiştir. Çalışma, söz konusu bankaların COVID-19 Pandemisi öncesi için 2019 yılına, pandemi dönemi için ise 2020 ve 2021 yılına ait finansal performans oranlarını kapsamaktadır. Ayrıca bütünleşik bir sıra elde etmek amacı ile BORDA Sayım yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada seçilen üç sıralama yöntemi kullanarak elde edilen sıralamaların benzerliğini analiz etmek için Sperman Sıra Korelasyon Katsayısı kullanılmıştır. TOPSIS- VİKOR-PROMETHEE II ve BORDA Sayım Yöntemi için kullanılan iki farklı ağırlıklandırma yöntemi ile (DEMATEL-CRITIC) hem pandemi öncesi hem de pandemi dönemleri için 6 ayrı sıralama olmak üzere toplam 24 adet sıralama elde edilmiştir. Her bir yöntem ve her yıl için Sperman Sıra Korelasyon Katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, bankaların finansal performansının 2021 yılı boyunca önemli ölçüde daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma sonunda, COVID-19 Pandemi döneminde en başarılı ilk iki banka; Türkiye Kalkınma ve Yatırım Bankası ile Türkiye Sinai ve Kalkınma Bankası olmuştur. COVID-19 Pandemi öncesinde ve COVID-19 Pandemi döneminde performansı en iyi olan bankalar kalkınma bankaları, performansı en kötü olan bankalar ise kamu bankaları olmuştur. Ayrıca bankaların finansal oranları incelendiğinde, COVID-19 Pandemi döneminde, pandeminin olmadığı döneme göre daha fazla düşüş yaşandığı gözlenmiştir. CRITIC yöntemi ile elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde; en önemli ağırlığın Likit Aktifler/Toplam Aktifler (%13) kriterine, DEMATEL yönteminde en önemli ağırlığın Ortalama Öz kaynak Kârlılığı (%12,2) kriterine ait olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yöntemler kıyaslandığında ise en iyi sıralamaları veren yöntemin PROMETHEE II yöntemi olduğu, en kötü sıralamaları veren yöntemin ise VİKOR yöntemi olduğu görülmüştür. Ağırlıklandırma yöntemleri kıyaslandığında; çalışma kapsamında nicel veriler için objektif yöntemlerin daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği gözlenmiştir.
The aim of the study is to examine the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemıc period on the financial performance of banks operating in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) and to compare the financial performances of banks in this period. In addition, the study aims to analyze the similarity of the rankings obtained using the selected three Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. The data set of the study will be used for the financial data of the banks traded in BIST in Turkey for 2019 for the pre-COVID-19 Pandemıc, 2020 and 2021 for the Pandemıc period. In the study, financial ratios were used to determine financial performance, objective weighting method CRITIC and SUBJECTIVE weighting method DEMATEL were used to determine the weights of these ratios. Among the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, VİKOR, TOPSIS, which belongs to the American school, and PROMETHEE II, which belongs to the European school, were preferred for the financial performance rankings of the banks. In addition, BORDA Count Method was used to obtain an integrated sequence. Whether there is a relationship between MCDM methods and ranking performances was examined with the Sperman rank correlation coefficient. For each decision matrix, there are 6 separate count for each of the three MCDM methods (TOPSIS- VİKOR-PROMETHEE II) and the Board Count Method with two separate weighting methods (DEMATEL-CRİTIC) and for each method covering different years (2019-2020-2021). A total of 24 rankings were obtained. Sperman Rank Correlation Coefficient was calculated for each method and each year. The results show that the financial performance of banks is significantly higher throughout 2021. At the end of the study, the first two most successful banks during the COVID-19 Pandemıc period; It became the Development and Investment Bank of Turkey and the Industrial and Development Bank of Turkey. Before the COVID-19 Pandemic and during the COVID-19 Pandemic period, the banks with the best performance were development banks, while the banks with the worst performance were public banks. In addition, when the financial ratios of banks are analyzed, it has been observed that there has been a greater decrease in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic than in the period without the COVID-19 Pandemic. The most important criteria are; It has been determined that the most important weight among the weights obtained by the CRITIC method belongs to the Liquid Assets / Total Assets (13%) criterion, and the most important weight belongs to the Average Equity Profitability (12.2%) criterion in the DEMATEL method. When the methods were compared, it was seen that the method that gave the best rankings was the PROMETHEE II method, and the worst rankings were obtained from the VIKOR method. When weighting methods are compared; Objective methods have been observed to give better results for quantitative data within the scope of the study.
The aim of the study is to examine the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemıc period on the financial performance of banks operating in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) and to compare the financial performances of banks in this period. In addition, the study aims to analyze the similarity of the rankings obtained using the selected three Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. The data set of the study will be used for the financial data of the banks traded in BIST in Turkey for 2019 for the pre-COVID-19 Pandemıc, 2020 and 2021 for the Pandemıc period. In the study, financial ratios were used to determine financial performance, objective weighting method CRITIC and SUBJECTIVE weighting method DEMATEL were used to determine the weights of these ratios. Among the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, VİKOR, TOPSIS, which belongs to the American school, and PROMETHEE II, which belongs to the European school, were preferred for the financial performance rankings of the banks. In addition, BORDA Count Method was used to obtain an integrated sequence. Whether there is a relationship between MCDM methods and ranking performances was examined with the Sperman rank correlation coefficient. For each decision matrix, there are 6 separate count for each of the three MCDM methods (TOPSIS- VİKOR-PROMETHEE II) and the Board Count Method with two separate weighting methods (DEMATEL-CRİTIC) and for each method covering different years (2019-2020-2021). A total of 24 rankings were obtained. Sperman Rank Correlation Coefficient was calculated for each method and each year. The results show that the financial performance of banks is significantly higher throughout 2021. At the end of the study, the first two most successful banks during the COVID-19 Pandemıc period; It became the Development and Investment Bank of Turkey and the Industrial and Development Bank of Turkey. Before the COVID-19 Pandemic and during the COVID-19 Pandemic period, the banks with the best performance were development banks, while the banks with the worst performance were public banks. In addition, when the financial ratios of banks are analyzed, it has been observed that there has been a greater decrease in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic than in the period without the COVID-19 Pandemic. The most important criteria are; It has been determined that the most important weight among the weights obtained by the CRITIC method belongs to the Liquid Assets / Total Assets (13%) criterion, and the most important weight belongs to the Average Equity Profitability (12.2%) criterion in the DEMATEL method. When the methods were compared, it was seen that the method that gave the best rankings was the PROMETHEE II method, and the worst rankings were obtained from the VIKOR method. When weighting methods are compared; Objective methods have been observed to give better results for quantitative data within the scope of the study.
Description
Keywords
COVID-19, Pandemi, Bankalar, Finansal performans analizi, Çok kriterli karar analizi, BORDA yöntemi, Sperman sıra korelasyonu, Multi-criteria decision analysis, Pandemic, Banks, Financial performance analysis, BORDA method, Sperman rank correlation
Citation
Gökdemir, T. (2023). COVID-19 pandemi dönemi BIST’da işlem gören bankaların finansal performansının farklı kriter ağırlıklandırma yöntemleri ile çok kriterli karar analizi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.