Böğürtlen pası Kuehneola uredinis (Link) Arth.'e karşı klasik ve organik ilaçlama programlarının etkinliği üzerinde çalışmalar
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Date
2016-12-01
Authors
Karslı, Ayşegül
Journal Title
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
İnsan sağlığı üzerine olumlu etkileri olduğunu ortaya koyan çalışmalar ve ayrıca taşıdığı tat ve aroması nedeniyle son yıllarda hem sofralık olarak tüketim hem de gıda sanayi alanında Böğürtlen (Rubus fruticocus L.) meyvesine olan talep artmaktadır. Ülkemizde de ürüne artan taleple birlikte böğürtlen üretimine eğilimin arttığı görülmektedir. Ülkemizde böğürtlenin yaklaşık % 84'ü Bursa İlinde üretilmektedir. Böğürtlen üretiminde fungal hastalıklar verimi etkileyen en önemli faktör olmakla birlikte ülkemizde bu hastalıkların mücadelesinde ruhsatlı bir fungisit bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Bursa İlinde böğürtlen bahçelerinde yaygın olduğu tespit edilen Kuehneola uredinis (Link) Arth. kaynaklı dal ve yaprak pası hastalığının önlenmesine yönelik organik ve klasik mücadele yöntemi geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, organik ilaçlama programı olarak, bakırlı fungisitler kullanılarak hastalığa karşı etkililiği tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Klasik ilaçlama programı olarak ise; Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin Kaliforniya Eyaletinde böğürtlende dal ve yaprak pası hastalığının kontrolü için önerilen IPM programının Bursa'daki böğürtlen bahçelerine uyarlaması yapılmıştır. Bir üretici bahçesinde el ve sırt pülvarizatörleri ile ilaçlama şeklinde tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre beş blok ve her blokta 10 bitki, her bitki bir tekerrür olacak şekilde deneme planlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, öncelikle 23 Mart 2016 tarihinde % 20'lik bakır kalsiyum sülfat kullanımı ile başlayan ilaçlama programı daha sonra belli aralıklarla değişmeli olarak myclobutanil ve pyraclostrobin + boscalid etken maddeli fungisitler kullanılarak hasat öncesine kadar devam ettirilmiştir. Değerlendirmeler 0 – 4 skalası kullanılarak yapılmış olup, kontrol parsellerdeki hastalık şiddeti % 26 olarak saptanmıştır. Hasat tarihinden bir ay önceki değerlendirmede, üreticilerin yaptığı şekilde denenen organik ilaçlama programının etkililiği sadece % 7,69 olarak belirlenirken, klasik ilaçlama programının etkililiği % 75 olarak saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada üzerinde durulan klasik ilaçlama yönteminin iyileştirilerek hastalığın mücadelesinde kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Due to its positive effects on human health and also its flavor and aroma, Blackberry (Rubus fruticocus L.) has been increasingly demanded both for table consumption and in food industry in recent years. Therefore, blackberry production insreased in our country due to the demand for product. In Turkey, about 84 % of blackberry production is produced in Bursa Province. Although fungal diseases are the most important factor effecting blackberry yield, there is no fungicide authorized to control fungal diseases on blackberry in Turkey. In this study, organic and conventional management programmes were tested to developed to control of blackberry cane and leaf rust caused by Kuehneola uredinis (Link) Arth., which was prevalently observed in blackberry orchards in Bursa. Within the context of the study, as an organic spraying programme, copper based fungicides were used to determine their effectiveness on the control this disease. As conventional spraying programme, an IPM programme recommended to control of blackberry cane and leaf rust disease by the State of California in the United States of America, applied to blackberry orchards in Bursa. A testing method by using hand and back pulverization spraying in a farmer's orchard was planned considering a randomized block design that including 5 blocks and 10 plants in each block and each plant to be a replication. For his purpose, a spraying programme was started with 20 % copper calcium sulphate application at the date of 23rd March 2016 and lasted until harvest time with conventional spraying by periodically alternating using of fungicides with active substances myclobutanyl and pyraclostrobin + boscalid. Evaluations was carried out by using 0 – 4 scale and severity of disease was found as 26 % in control plots. According to the results obtained from one month before harvest, effectiveness of copper based organic fungicide application method preferred by farmers was just at the level of 7,69 %, while the effectiveness of conventional spraying application was detected as 75 %. It is thought that conventional spraying programme examined in this study can be used in control of the disease with some improvement.
Due to its positive effects on human health and also its flavor and aroma, Blackberry (Rubus fruticocus L.) has been increasingly demanded both for table consumption and in food industry in recent years. Therefore, blackberry production insreased in our country due to the demand for product. In Turkey, about 84 % of blackberry production is produced in Bursa Province. Although fungal diseases are the most important factor effecting blackberry yield, there is no fungicide authorized to control fungal diseases on blackberry in Turkey. In this study, organic and conventional management programmes were tested to developed to control of blackberry cane and leaf rust caused by Kuehneola uredinis (Link) Arth., which was prevalently observed in blackberry orchards in Bursa. Within the context of the study, as an organic spraying programme, copper based fungicides were used to determine their effectiveness on the control this disease. As conventional spraying programme, an IPM programme recommended to control of blackberry cane and leaf rust disease by the State of California in the United States of America, applied to blackberry orchards in Bursa. A testing method by using hand and back pulverization spraying in a farmer's orchard was planned considering a randomized block design that including 5 blocks and 10 plants in each block and each plant to be a replication. For his purpose, a spraying programme was started with 20 % copper calcium sulphate application at the date of 23rd March 2016 and lasted until harvest time with conventional spraying by periodically alternating using of fungicides with active substances myclobutanyl and pyraclostrobin + boscalid. Evaluations was carried out by using 0 – 4 scale and severity of disease was found as 26 % in control plots. According to the results obtained from one month before harvest, effectiveness of copper based organic fungicide application method preferred by farmers was just at the level of 7,69 %, while the effectiveness of conventional spraying application was detected as 75 %. It is thought that conventional spraying programme examined in this study can be used in control of the disease with some improvement.
Description
Keywords
Böğürtlen, Böğürtlen dal ve yaprak pası, Kuehneola uredinis, Fungisitler, Blackberry, Blackberry cane and leaf rust, Kuehneola uredinis, Fungicides
Citation
Karslı, A. (2016). Böğürtlen pası Kuehneola uredinis (Link) Arth.'e karşı klasik ve organik ilaçlama programlarının etkinliği üzerinde çalışmalar. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.