Bursa’da kurulan muhacir vakıfları (1883-1917)
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Date
2020-07-31
Authors
Ateş, Nilüfer
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Osmanlı Devleti, son dönemlerinde Rumeli ve Kafkaslarda yaşadığı askerî yenilgilerin sonucu olarak yoğun göç hareketlerine maruz kalmıştır. Buralarda yaşayan halk, Osmanlı idaresindeki topraklara bilhassa da Anadolu’ya göç etmeye başlamıştır. Osmanlı Devleti, din, mezhep, etnik köken ayrımına gitmeksizin muhacirleri ülkeye kabul etme ve onlara yardımda bulunma şeklinde bir politika ortaya koymuştur. Muhacirler, yeni yerlerine iskân sürecinde devlet ve yerli halkın desteğini görmüşlerdir. Kendileri de bulundukları yeri imar etme, kalkındırma adına sosyal, ekonomik katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Bunlardan biri, hayırsever muhacirlerin vakıflarıdır. Bu makalede, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Kafkaslar ve Rumeli’den aldığı göçler esnasında Bursa’ya yerleştirilen muhacirlerin kurdukları vakıflar incelenmiştir. Konu, muhacirlerin vakıf kurma keyfiyetlerine etki eden dönemin koşulları çerçevesinde temellendirilerek ele alınmıştır. Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi’nde konuyla ilgili tespit edilen vakfiyelerden hareketle hazırlanan bu çalışmada özetle; muhacirlerin cami, mescit yapımı ve bunların görevli maaşlarını karşılamaya yönelik nakit birikimleri ile vakıflar tesis ettikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Muhacirler, kurdukları vakıflarla kendi toplumlarında din hizmetlerinin yürütülmesinde önemli rol oynamışlardır.
The Ottoman Empire was subjected to intensive migration movements as a result of the military defeats experienced in Rumelia and Caucasus at its last period. The inhabitants began to migrate to the territories under Ottoman administration, in particular to Anatolia. The Ottoman Empire implemented a government policy accepting the immigrants to the country and assisting them without making any discrimination such as religion, sect, and ethnic origin. The muhajirs received the support of the state and native community in the period of settling into their new places. They contributed socially and economically within the bounds of possibility to ameliorate and to develop their settlements. One of these contributions is the waqfs of charitable muhajirs. In this article, the waqfs established by the muhajirs settled in Bursa while the Ottoman Empire allowed immigrants from the Caucasus and Rumelia were examined. The subject was dealt with by considering the conditions of the period which affected the ability of muhajirs to establish waqfs. In summary, in this study, which was prepared based on the waqfs determined in the Archives of the General Directorate of Foundations, it was revealed that the muhajirs established waqfs with their cash savings to build mosques, masjids and to meet the salaries of people serving for these places. The muhajirs played an important role in the execution of religious services in their communities with the waqfs they established.
The Ottoman Empire was subjected to intensive migration movements as a result of the military defeats experienced in Rumelia and Caucasus at its last period. The inhabitants began to migrate to the territories under Ottoman administration, in particular to Anatolia. The Ottoman Empire implemented a government policy accepting the immigrants to the country and assisting them without making any discrimination such as religion, sect, and ethnic origin. The muhajirs received the support of the state and native community in the period of settling into their new places. They contributed socially and economically within the bounds of possibility to ameliorate and to develop their settlements. One of these contributions is the waqfs of charitable muhajirs. In this article, the waqfs established by the muhajirs settled in Bursa while the Ottoman Empire allowed immigrants from the Caucasus and Rumelia were examined. The subject was dealt with by considering the conditions of the period which affected the ability of muhajirs to establish waqfs. In summary, in this study, which was prepared based on the waqfs determined in the Archives of the General Directorate of Foundations, it was revealed that the muhajirs established waqfs with their cash savings to build mosques, masjids and to meet the salaries of people serving for these places. The muhajirs played an important role in the execution of religious services in their communities with the waqfs they established.
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Keywords
Osmanlı, Göç, Rumeli, Kafkaslar, Vakıf, The Ottoman, Immigration, Rumelia, Caucasus, Waqf
Citation
Ateş, N. (2020). “Bursa’da kurulan muhacir vakıfları (1883-1917)”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(39), 685-711.