The effect of the z-track technique on pain and drug leakage in intramuscular injections

dc.contributor.authorKhorshid, Leyla
dc.contributor.authorDedeoğlu, Yasemin
dc.contributor.buuauthorYılmaz, Dilek
dc.contributor.departmentUludağ Üniversitesi/Sağlık Yüksekokulu/Hemşirelik Bölümü.tr_TR
dc.contributor.orcid0000-0001-7269-8493tr_TR
dc.contributor.researcheridV-6292-2018tr_TR
dc.contributor.scopusid57188753630tr_TR
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-10T08:05:34Z
dc.date.available2023-03-10T08:05:34Z
dc.date.issued2016-11-01
dc.description.abstractPurpose/Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Z-track technique in the administration of intramuscular diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on pain and drug leakage. Design: This is a semiexperimental and randomized controlled study. Methods: It was felt necessary to conduct this study to compare the effects on pain and drug leakage of the standard intramuscular injection method and the "Z-track technique,'' which is claimed to be helpful in this regard. The study was conducted in a government hospital in the Marmara region of Turkey. The research sample consisted of 60 patients, 26 female and 34 male, whose ages varied from 18 to 65 years. Sixty patients were randomly divided into 2 equal groups-the experimental group and the control group. The Z-track technique was used for intramuscular injection with the experimental group, whereas, with the control group, the standard technique of intramuscular injection was used. The patients of both groups were injected with 3-mL diclofenac sodium as prescribed by their doctor. Immediately after the procedure was finished and the needle was withdrawn, a different researcher used a 7 x 7-cm pre-prepared and sterilized standard drying paper to press on the needle entry point. The diameter of leakage was measured with a millimetric ruler and recorded on a data collection form. During this procedure, another nurse who was blind to the injection technique assessed the pain felt during the injection by means of the Visual Analog Scale. Results: In the experimental group, mean pain severity was found to be 28.30 +/- 23.0, and mean drug leakage was 6.93 +/- 4.62 mm, whereas, in the control group, these values were 36.40 +/- 28.40 and 10.03 +/- 3.69 mm, respectively. Conclusions: Drug leakage was reduced when administering intramuscular diclofenac sodium by the Z technique, but pain severity was not significantly reduced.en_US
dc.identifier.citationYılmaz, D. vd. (2016). "The effect of the z-track technique on pain and drug leakage in intramuscular injections". Clinical Nurse Specialist, 30(6), E7-E12.en_US
dc.identifier.endpageE12tr_TR
dc.identifier.issn0887-6274
dc.identifier.issn1538-9782
dc.identifier.issue6tr_TR
dc.identifier.pubmed27753676tr_TR
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84992146805tr_TR
dc.identifier.startpageE7tr_TR
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1097/NUR.0000000000000245
dc.identifier.urihttps://journals.lww.com/cns-journal/Fulltext/2016/11000/The_Effect_of_the_Z_Track_Technique_on_Pain_and.12.aspx
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11452/31490
dc.identifier.volume30tr_TR
dc.identifier.wos000386574200002tr_TR
dc.indexed.pubmedPubMeden_US
dc.indexed.scopusScopusen_US
dc.indexed.wosSCIEen_US
dc.indexed.wosSSCIen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherLippincott Williams & Wilkinsen_US
dc.relation.collaborationYurt içitr_TR
dc.relation.collaborationSanayitr_TR
dc.relation.journalClinical Nurse Specialisten_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergitr_TR
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectNursingen_US
dc.subjectDrug leakageen_US
dc.subjectIntramuscular injectionen_US
dc.subjectPainen_US
dc.subjectRandomized controlled studyen_US
dc.subjectZ-track techniqueen_US
dc.subjectRandomized controlled-trialen_US
dc.subjectPerceptionen_US
dc.subjectIntensityen_US
dc.subjectPressureen_US
dc.subjectScaleen_US
dc.subjectSpeeden_US
dc.subject.emtreeDiclofenacen_US
dc.subject.emtreeNonsteroid antiinflammatory agenten_US
dc.subject.emtreeAdulten_US
dc.subject.emtreeAnalgesiaen_US
dc.subject.emtreeControlled studyen_US
dc.subject.emtreeExtravasation of diagnostic and therapeutic materialsen_US
dc.subject.emtreeFemaleen_US
dc.subject.emtreeHumanen_US
dc.subject.emtreeIntramuscular drug administrationen_US
dc.subject.emtreeMaleen_US
dc.subject.emtreeMiddle ageden_US
dc.subject.emtreeProceduresen_US
dc.subject.emtreeRandomized controlled trialen_US
dc.subject.meshAdulten_US
dc.subject.meshAnti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidalen_US
dc.subject.meshExtravasation of diagnostic and therapeutic materialsen_US
dc.subject.meshFemaleen_US
dc.subject.meshHumansen_US
dc.subject.meshInjections, intramuscularen_US
dc.subject.meshMaleen_US
dc.subject.meshMiddle ageden_US
dc.subject.meshPain managementen_US
dc.subject.meshDiclofenacen_US
dc.subject.scopusIntramuscular Drug Administration; Sciatic Nerve; Vaccineen_US
dc.subject.wosNursingen_US
dc.titleThe effect of the z-track technique on pain and drug leakage in intramuscular injectionsen_US
dc.typeArticle
dc.wos.quartileQ3en_US

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