Bilimsel gelişme teorileri açısından I. Lakatos ve L. Laudan’ın düşüncelerinin karşılaştırılması
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Date
2016
Authors
Gürdal, Gökhan
Journal Title
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Amacımız, bilim felsefesindeki bilimsel gelişme teorileri konusunda, I. Lakatos ve L. Laudan’ın katkılarını ortaya koymak ve felsefenin bilimsel gelişmeye getirdiği yeni bakış açılarını karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde incelemektir. Bilimsel gelişme teorileri, bilimin ilerleyiş sürecindeki, eğer varsa, mantıksal yapıyı gözler önünde sermek ve bilimsel gelişmenin yapısını ortaya koymayı denemektedir. İlk soru ise bilimin her daim gelişme halinde olup olmadığı problemidir. Yani bilim ilerlemekte midir? Bize göre, bilimin ilerlediği ve geliştiğine dair ortak kanı kuşkusuz geçerlidir. Ancak burada bilimin ilerlemesinin nasıl olduğu problemi ortaya çıkar. Bilim felsefesi ile ilgilenen birçok filozof bu soruya değişik yanıtlar vermiştir. Bunun sonucunda ortaya, sonraki öncekinin eleştirisi olan, iki temel yaklaşım çıkmıştır. Bunlar; Klasik bilim anlayışı ve Çağdaş bilim anlayışı olarak adlandırılırlar. Klasik bilim anlayışı kısaca, temellerini A. Comte’un fikirlerinde bulan Pozitivist bilim anlayışı iken Çağdaş bilim anlayışı, Klasik bilim anlayışına karşı bir tepki olarak doğan ve bu yaklaşımın eleştirisi üzerinden ilerleyip gelişen bilim anlayışı olarak çıkar karşımıza. Klasik bilim anlayışı 20. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren yetersiz olarak görülmüş, bilimsel gelişimin sanılanın aksine hiç de düzgün, birikimli ve rasyonel olmadığı düşüncesine de dayanarak terk edilmeye başlanmıştır. Bilim felsefesi içerisinde oldukça önemli bir yere sahip olan I. Lakatos ve L. Laudan’ın görüşleri de Klasik bilim anlayışının bir eleştirisi ve ona getirilen çözüm önerileridir.
Our aim is to put forth the contritubutions of I. Lakatos and L. Laudan to the philosophy of science in the context of scientific progress theories and make a comparative investigation about the new aspects of their philosophy of scientific progress. Scientific progress theories try to unveil logical structure of scientific development, if any, and to put it forth. The very first question is whether science developes or not. In other words, is science in progression? According to us, the common idea that science progresses and developes is valid with no doubt. But question of “how does science progress?” arises here. Many philosophers interested in philosophy of science had given various answers to this question. After all, two main understanding, namely Classical and Contemporary, in fact latter is a critic of former, has emerged. As Classical understanding of science finds its basis in A. Comte’s ideas which is a Positivist understanding of science briefly, Contemporary understanding of science was born as a reaction to Classical understanding of science and has flourished over this critic. After the second half of tweintieth century, Classical understanding of science has been considered insufficent and has been began to be left, because the idea of sicence was not smooth, cumulative, and rational, contrary to the supposed. Views of I. Lakatos and L. Laudan have very important place in philosophy of science. These are the critic of Classical understanding of science altogether and propose solutions to it. We tried to give a very brief history of main ideas in philosophy of science to expose foundations of Classical understanding of science and analyzed the ideas of I. Lakatos and L. Laudan about scientific progress. Lakatos’ main concept about scientific progress, “research programmes”, claims that every scientific theory has a hard core that is protected against falsification by a protective belt. On the other hand, Laudan’s main concept, “research traditions”, although similar to research programmes, is a critic of this rigidity in scientific development and an attempt to allow science develop more freely.
Our aim is to put forth the contritubutions of I. Lakatos and L. Laudan to the philosophy of science in the context of scientific progress theories and make a comparative investigation about the new aspects of their philosophy of scientific progress. Scientific progress theories try to unveil logical structure of scientific development, if any, and to put it forth. The very first question is whether science developes or not. In other words, is science in progression? According to us, the common idea that science progresses and developes is valid with no doubt. But question of “how does science progress?” arises here. Many philosophers interested in philosophy of science had given various answers to this question. After all, two main understanding, namely Classical and Contemporary, in fact latter is a critic of former, has emerged. As Classical understanding of science finds its basis in A. Comte’s ideas which is a Positivist understanding of science briefly, Contemporary understanding of science was born as a reaction to Classical understanding of science and has flourished over this critic. After the second half of tweintieth century, Classical understanding of science has been considered insufficent and has been began to be left, because the idea of sicence was not smooth, cumulative, and rational, contrary to the supposed. Views of I. Lakatos and L. Laudan have very important place in philosophy of science. These are the critic of Classical understanding of science altogether and propose solutions to it. We tried to give a very brief history of main ideas in philosophy of science to expose foundations of Classical understanding of science and analyzed the ideas of I. Lakatos and L. Laudan about scientific progress. Lakatos’ main concept about scientific progress, “research programmes”, claims that every scientific theory has a hard core that is protected against falsification by a protective belt. On the other hand, Laudan’s main concept, “research traditions”, although similar to research programmes, is a critic of this rigidity in scientific development and an attempt to allow science develop more freely.
Description
Keywords
Bilim felsefesi, Klasik ve çağdaş bilim anlayışları, Doğrulamacılık, Yanlışlamacılık, Araştırma programları, Araştırma gelenekleri, Bilimsel gelişme teorileri, Philosophy of science, Classical and contemporary understanding of science, Verification, Falsification, Research programmes, Research traditions, Scientific development theories
Citation
Gürdal, G. (2016). "Bilimsel gelişme teorileri açısından I. Lakatos ve L. Laudan’ın düşüncelerinin karşılaştırılması". Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 27, 29-41.