Birinci basamak akut tonsillofarenjit vakalarında tanı ve tedavi algoritmalarının karşılaştırılması
Date
2021
Authors
Turgut, Derya Karaçelik
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Akut tonsillofarenjit, iyi tanınan bir hastalık olmasına rağmen yanlış tanı nedeniyle tedavide gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımı sıktır. Tonsillofarenjitlerin %5-30’undan grup A streptokoklar (GAS) sorumludur. GAS tonsillofarenjiti tanısında klinik skorlamalar (Centor skoru ve Fever-Pain skoru) bakteriyel viral ayırımında yetersiz kalmaktadırlar. Ayrıca GAS tonsillofarenjiti yetersiz tedavi edildiğinde ciddi komplikasyonlar gelişebilmektedir. Bu nedenle akut tonsillofarenjit önemini koruyan bir enfeksiyondur. GAS tonsillofrenjitinde tanıda altın standart boğaz kültürüdür. Ancak 24-48 saatte sonuçlanması dezavantajıdır. Son yıllarda 15 dakikada sonuç veren hızlı antijen testleri (RAT) kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada RAT, Centor skoru ve Fever-Pain klinik skorunun GAS tonsillofarenjiti tanısındaki etkinliğinin, boğaz kültürüyle karşılaştırılarak prospektif olarak araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya Bursa’nın farklı ilçelerinden belirli aile sağlığı merkezlerine 6 ay boyunca akut tonsillofarenjit ön tanısıyla başvuran 7-65 yaş arası, Centor klinik skoru ≥ 1 olan 158 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Tüm hastalardan RAT ve boğaz kültürü için örnek alınmış, Centor skoru ve Fever-Pain skoru kayıt edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılanların medyan yaşı 30’du. Katılımcıların 106’sı kadın 52’si erkekti. Katılımcıların %20,88’inde boğaz kültürü, %13,29’unda RAT pozitif bulundu. RAT’ın duyarlılığı, özgüllüğü, pozitif prediktif değer (PPD), negatif prediktif değer (NPD) ve kappa uyum değeri (Ҡ) sırasıyla %48,48; %96, %76,19; %87,59; 0,51 olarak bulundu. Modifiye Centor skoru ≥3 olanların ve Fever-Pain skoru ≥3 olanların sırasıyla duyarlılık %69,70; %81,82; özgüllük %60,80; %44 olarak bulundu. Modifiye Centor skoru ≥4 olanların ve Fever-Pain skoru ≥4 olanların sırasıyla duyarlılık %42,42; %48,48; özgüllük %80; %79,20 olarak bulundu. v Sonuç olarak RAT’ın duyarlılığının düşük, özgüllüğünün yüksek olduğu, negatif hastaların tanılarının boğaz kültürüyle doğrulanması gerektiği, pozitif hastalara ise antibiyotik tedavisi başlanması gerektiği görüldü. Ayrıca her iki klinik skor ≥4 olduğunda GAS tonsillofarenjiti olasılığının yüksek olduğu görülmüştü
Despite acute tonsillopharyngitis is a well-known disease, unnecessary antibiotic use is common due to misdiagnosis. Group A streptococcus responsible for 5-30% of tonsillopharyngitis. In the diagnosis of GAS tonsillopharyngitis, clinical scores (Centor score and Fever-Pain score) are insufficient in differentiation of bacterials and virals. In addition, serious complications can develop when GAS tonsillopharyngitis is treated insufficiently. Therefore, acute tonsillopharyngitis is an infection that maintains its importance. The gold standard in diagnosis of GAS tonsillopharyngitis is throat culture. However, it is a disadvantage to result in 24-48 hours. In recent years, rapid antigen tests (RAT), which give results in 15 minutes, have been used. In this study, it was aimed to prospectively investigate the efficiency of RAT, Centor score and Fever-Pain clinical score in diagnosis of GAS tonsillopharyngitis by comparing it with throat culture. The study included 158 patients aged 7-65 with a Centor clinical score 1 from different districts of Bursa, who applied to certain family health centers for 6 months with a pre-diagnosis of acute tonsillopharyngitis. Samples were taken from all patients for RAT and throat culture, and Centor scores and Fever-Pain scores were recorded. The median age of the study participants was 30. Among all participants 67.10% of them were female and 32.90% of them were male. Throat culture was found to be positive in 20.88% of the participants, and RAT in 13.29%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and kappa fit value (Ҡ) of RAT were found respectively 48.48%; 96%, 76.19%; 87.59%, 0.51%. The sensitivity of those with Modified Centor score ≥3 and Fever-Pain score ≥3, respectively; vii 69.70%, 81.82%; the specificity was found to be 60.80% and 44%. The sensitivity of those with a modified Centor score ≥4 and a Fever-Pain score ≥4, respectively, was 42.42%; 48.48%; the specificity was found to be 80% and 79.20%. As a result, it was seen that the sensitivity of RAT was low with high specificity, the diagnosis of negative patients should be confirmed with throat culture, and positive patients should be treated with antibiotics. In addition, when both clinical scores are ≥4, it was observed that the probability of GAS tonsillopharyngitis is high.
Despite acute tonsillopharyngitis is a well-known disease, unnecessary antibiotic use is common due to misdiagnosis. Group A streptococcus responsible for 5-30% of tonsillopharyngitis. In the diagnosis of GAS tonsillopharyngitis, clinical scores (Centor score and Fever-Pain score) are insufficient in differentiation of bacterials and virals. In addition, serious complications can develop when GAS tonsillopharyngitis is treated insufficiently. Therefore, acute tonsillopharyngitis is an infection that maintains its importance. The gold standard in diagnosis of GAS tonsillopharyngitis is throat culture. However, it is a disadvantage to result in 24-48 hours. In recent years, rapid antigen tests (RAT), which give results in 15 minutes, have been used. In this study, it was aimed to prospectively investigate the efficiency of RAT, Centor score and Fever-Pain clinical score in diagnosis of GAS tonsillopharyngitis by comparing it with throat culture. The study included 158 patients aged 7-65 with a Centor clinical score 1 from different districts of Bursa, who applied to certain family health centers for 6 months with a pre-diagnosis of acute tonsillopharyngitis. Samples were taken from all patients for RAT and throat culture, and Centor scores and Fever-Pain scores were recorded. The median age of the study participants was 30. Among all participants 67.10% of them were female and 32.90% of them were male. Throat culture was found to be positive in 20.88% of the participants, and RAT in 13.29%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and kappa fit value (Ҡ) of RAT were found respectively 48.48%; 96%, 76.19%; 87.59%, 0.51%. The sensitivity of those with Modified Centor score ≥3 and Fever-Pain score ≥3, respectively; vii 69.70%, 81.82%; the specificity was found to be 60.80% and 44%. The sensitivity of those with a modified Centor score ≥4 and a Fever-Pain score ≥4, respectively, was 42.42%; 48.48%; the specificity was found to be 80% and 79.20%. As a result, it was seen that the sensitivity of RAT was low with high specificity, the diagnosis of negative patients should be confirmed with throat culture, and positive patients should be treated with antibiotics. In addition, when both clinical scores are ≥4, it was observed that the probability of GAS tonsillopharyngitis is high.
Description
Keywords
Grup A streptokok tonsillofarenjiti, Hızlı antijen testi, Modifiye centor skoru, Fever-pain skoru, Grup A streptokok tonsillofarenjiti tanı yöntemleri, Group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, Modified centor score, Fever-pain score, Diagnosis of group A streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, Rapid antigen test
Citation
Turgut, D. K. (2021). Birinci basamak akut tonsillofarenjit vakalarında tanı ve tedavi algoritmalarının karşılaştırılması. Yayınlanmamış tıpta uzmanlık tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi.