Publication: Kültürel miras ve somut olmayan kültürel mirasın müzeler aracılığıyla aktarımı
Date
Authors
Authors
Yeniyegin, Pınar
Advisor
Mert, İbrahim Hakan
Language
Type
Publisher:
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Abstract
Geçmiş kuşaklar tarafından oluşturulan ve evrensel değerleri olduğuna inanılan eserler genel olarak “kültürel miras” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kültürel miraslar sadece ait olduğu toplum için değil, tüm insanlık için korunması gereken değerlerdir. Bu konuya dikkat çekmek için tez konusu “Kültürel Miras ve Somut Olmayan Kültürel Mirasın Müzeler Aracılığıyla Aktarımı” olarak seçilmiştir. İlk bölüm başlığı olan “Kültürel Miras” bölümünde kültürel mirasın insanlık için önemine ve kısa adı UNESCO olan Birleşmiş Milletler, Eğitim, Bilim ve Kültür Kurumu’nun kurulduğu günden itibaren kültürel mirasın korunması için yaptığı uluslararası düzenlemelere ve sözleşmelere dikkat çekilmiştir. UNESCO tarafından ilk olarak korumaya değer görülen kültürel varlıklar, somut kültürel miraslar olmuştur. Kültürel mirasların güvencesi olarak kabul edilen ve tarihte koleksiyonculukla şekillenen müzecilik, 18. yüzyıldan itibaren Batı’nın koleksiyonlarını topluma açmasıyla birlikte belli bir sistem çevresinde toplanmayı gerektirmiştir. 19. ve 20. yüzyıl boyunca da hızlı bir değişim ve gelişim sürecine girmiştir. Türkiye’de ise 19. yüzyılın “Batılılaşma çabalarının göstergesi olan çağdaş bir kurum” olarak ortaya çıkan müzeler, öncelikle kültürel mirası ve zengin tarihi “korumayı” hedeflemişlerdir. Türkiye’de müzelerin kurumsallaşma süreciyle ilgili olan bu tespit Türk müzecilik uygulamalarının da şekillenmesini etkileyen “Batılılaşmanın göstergesi çağdaş bir kurum olma” ve “koruma” kavramlarının da önemini vurgulamaktadır. Tez çalışmasının ikinci bölümü “Müzecilik” bölümünde de Batılılaşma sürecinin, Türk müzeciliği ve müzecilik uygulamalarının şekillenmesindeki etkisi vurgulanmış ve çağdaş müzecilik yaklaşımında “müze eğitiminin” önemine dikkat çekilmiştir. Somut kültürel mirasın korunmaya alınmasından sonra gelenekler, ritüeller, el sanatları gibi somut olmayan kültürel mirasların korunması içinde 2003 yılında UNESCO tarafından “Somut Olmayan Kültürel Mirasın Korunması Sözleşmesi” kabul edilmiştir. Tezin üçüncü bölümü olan “Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras ve Müzecilik” bölümünde de sözleşmenin “koruma” kavramına dikkat çekilerek, somut olmayan kültürel mirasların müzeyle olan ilişkileri bu “koruma” kavramı üzerinden yorumlanmış ve müzelerin koruma yaklaşımındaki değişimler ele alındıktan sonra somut olmayan kültürel miras unsurlarının korunması ve bu alanda farkındalık yaratılması için “eğitim” ve “müzelerin eğitim işlevleri”, “müze eğitimi” üzerinden yorumlanmıştır. Müze ve müze eğitimi ile uyguladıkları programlar, projeler ve faaliyetler kapsamında “İyi Koruma Uygulamaları Listesi”ne giren:
• Pusol Okul Müzesi’nin
• Batik Müzesi’nin
• Fandango’nun Yaşayan Müzesi’nin ve
• Batàna Ekomüzesi’nin “müze eğitim çalışmaları” ele alındıktan sonra
Türkiye’den de:
• Ankara Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras Müzesi “müze eğitim çalışmaları” açısından çözümlenmiştir. Müzelerin, müze eğitimi dışında okullarla iş birliği yaparak çalışabileceği başka bir yöntem olan, müze eğitimi çalışmalarıyla, öğretim programlarının birleştirilmesi kapsamında, somut olmayan kültürel miras unsurlarının küçük yaşlardan itibaren çocuklara aktarılabilmesi için Türkiye’den örnek olarak:
• Halk Kültürü Dersi’nin ve
• Sosyal Bilgiler Dersi’nin önemine dikkat çekilmiştir.
Artifacts created by past generations and believed to have universal values are generally defined as “cultural heritage”. Cultural heritages are values that should be protected not only for the society to which they belong, but for all humanity. In order to draw attention to this issue, the thesis topic was chosen as “Cultural Heritage and the Transfer of Intangible Cultural Heritage Through Museums”. In the section “Cultural Heritage”, the title of the first chapter, the importance of cultural heritage for humanity and the international regulations and conventions that the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Institution, whose short name is UNESCO, has made for the protection of cultural heritage since the day it was founded, have been drawn attention to. The cultural assets that were first considered worthy of protection by UNESCO have become tangible cultural heritages. Museology, which is accepted as the guarantee of cultural heritages and shaped by collecting in history, 18. since the beginning of the century, with the opening of the West's collections to society, it has required gathering around a certain system. 19. and 20. it has also entered into a rapid process of change and development throughout the century. In Turkey, it is 19. Emerging as a “contemporary institution indicative of the efforts of westernization” of the century, museums have primarily aimed to “protect” cultural heritage and rich history. In Turkey, it is 19. Emerging as a “contemporary institution indicative of the efforts of westernization” of the century, museums have primarily aimed to “protect” cultural heritage and rich history. This determination related to the institutionalization process of museums in Turkey emphasizes the importance of the concepts of “being a contemporary institution indicative of westernization” and “protection”, which also affect the shaping of Turkish museological practices. The second part of the thesis, “Museology” section, also emphasized the impact of the westernization process on the formation of Turkish museology and museology practices, and drew attention to the importance of museum education in the contemporary museology approach. After the protection of the tangible cultural heritage, the Convention for the Protection of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in intangible cultural heritage such as traditions, rituals, handicrafts was adopted by UNESCO in 2003. In the third part of the thesis, “Intangible Cultural Heritage and Museology”, the concept of “protection” of the agreement is emphasized, the relations of intangible cultural heritage with the museum are interpreted through this concept of “protection” and after considering the changes in the Conservation approach of museums, “education” and “educational functions of museums” are interpreted through “museum education” in order to protect intangible cultural heritage elements and create awareness in this area. Within the scope of museum and museum education and the programs, projects and activities they implement, the following that are included in the “Good Safeguarding Practices List”: • Pusol School Museum • Batik Museum • Fandango’s Living Museum and • Batàna Ecomuseum are discussed and then from Turkey: • Ankara Intangible Cultural Heritage Museums is analyzed in terms of “museum education”. Within the scope of combining museum education studies with teaching programs, which is another method that museums can work in collaboration with schools outside of museums education, the importance of intangible cultural heritage elements to be conveyed to children from a young age, as an examples from Turkey: • Folk Culture Course and • Social Studies Course were emphasized.
Artifacts created by past generations and believed to have universal values are generally defined as “cultural heritage”. Cultural heritages are values that should be protected not only for the society to which they belong, but for all humanity. In order to draw attention to this issue, the thesis topic was chosen as “Cultural Heritage and the Transfer of Intangible Cultural Heritage Through Museums”. In the section “Cultural Heritage”, the title of the first chapter, the importance of cultural heritage for humanity and the international regulations and conventions that the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Institution, whose short name is UNESCO, has made for the protection of cultural heritage since the day it was founded, have been drawn attention to. The cultural assets that were first considered worthy of protection by UNESCO have become tangible cultural heritages. Museology, which is accepted as the guarantee of cultural heritages and shaped by collecting in history, 18. since the beginning of the century, with the opening of the West's collections to society, it has required gathering around a certain system. 19. and 20. it has also entered into a rapid process of change and development throughout the century. In Turkey, it is 19. Emerging as a “contemporary institution indicative of the efforts of westernization” of the century, museums have primarily aimed to “protect” cultural heritage and rich history. In Turkey, it is 19. Emerging as a “contemporary institution indicative of the efforts of westernization” of the century, museums have primarily aimed to “protect” cultural heritage and rich history. This determination related to the institutionalization process of museums in Turkey emphasizes the importance of the concepts of “being a contemporary institution indicative of westernization” and “protection”, which also affect the shaping of Turkish museological practices. The second part of the thesis, “Museology” section, also emphasized the impact of the westernization process on the formation of Turkish museology and museology practices, and drew attention to the importance of museum education in the contemporary museology approach. After the protection of the tangible cultural heritage, the Convention for the Protection of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in intangible cultural heritage such as traditions, rituals, handicrafts was adopted by UNESCO in 2003. In the third part of the thesis, “Intangible Cultural Heritage and Museology”, the concept of “protection” of the agreement is emphasized, the relations of intangible cultural heritage with the museum are interpreted through this concept of “protection” and after considering the changes in the Conservation approach of museums, “education” and “educational functions of museums” are interpreted through “museum education” in order to protect intangible cultural heritage elements and create awareness in this area. Within the scope of museum and museum education and the programs, projects and activities they implement, the following that are included in the “Good Safeguarding Practices List”: • Pusol School Museum • Batik Museum • Fandango’s Living Museum and • Batàna Ecomuseum are discussed and then from Turkey: • Ankara Intangible Cultural Heritage Museums is analyzed in terms of “museum education”. Within the scope of combining museum education studies with teaching programs, which is another method that museums can work in collaboration with schools outside of museums education, the importance of intangible cultural heritage elements to be conveyed to children from a young age, as an examples from Turkey: • Folk Culture Course and • Social Studies Course were emphasized.
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Keywords:
Keywords
Kültürel miras, UNESCO, Somut olmayan kültürel miras, Müze eğitimi, Çağdaş müzecilik, Halk kültürü, Sosyal bilgiler, Cultural heritage, Intangible cultural heritage, Museum education, Contemporary museology, Folk culture, Social studies