Melezleme ile elde edilen çiçeklerde verim ve kalite farklılıkları üzerinde araştırmalar
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Date
1998-04-20
Authors
Erenoğlu, Burhan
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Son yıllarda çileğe olan talebin hızla artması sonucu; sofralık, derin dondurulmaya uygun, verimli ve üstün kaliteli çeşitlere ihtiyaç artmıştır. Bu nedenle yola dayanıklı, meyve eti daha sert olan sofralık veya sanayiye uygun yeni çeşitlerin ıslah edilmesi amacıyla Osmanlı, Yalova- 104, Tioga, Cruz ve Tufts çeşitlerinin değişik melezleme kombinasyonları sonucu elde edilen Fi, Gı ve G2 melez tipler üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Melezi emel er sonucu elde edilen akenler, soğuklama ihtiyaçları için +4 C°'de 3 ay muhafaza edildikten sonra, içerisinde perlit bulunan kasalara ekimi yapılmıştır. Ekimden sonra yapılan gözlemler sonunda, ana-babaları farklı hatlarda, çimlenme tarihlerinin de farklı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Alınan sonuçlara göre; en erken çimlenme, Cruz x Yalova- 104 melezlemesinden elde edilen akenlerde saptanmış ve ekim tarihinden 12 gün sonra çimlenmeye başlamıştır. Bunu 14 gün ile Cruz x Tufts, 16 gün ile Tufts x Cruz ve Osmanlı x Tufts, 17 gün ile Osmanlı x Tioga, 18 gün ile Tufts x Tioga, 19 gün ile Cruz x Tioga, 22 gün ile Tioga x Cruz, 23 gün ile Tioga x Yalova- 104 ve 28 gün ile de en geç çimlenen kombinasyon olan Osmanlı x Yalova- 104 melezlemesinden elde edilen akenlerin çimlenme tarihleri izlemiştir. Kullanılan ebeveynlere göre döller arasındaki açılım farklılık göstermiştir. Bazı hatlarda seçilen tip sayısının fazla olmasına karşılık, bazı hatlarda oldukça az olduğu gözlenmiştir. Seçilen çeşit adayları, ebeveynlerine göre elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde, kullanılan ebeveynlere göre döller arasındaki açılım farklılık göstermiştir. Seçilen 19 çeşit adayını, ebeveynlerine göre ayıracak olursak; 7 adet ( % 36.85 ) ile Tufts x Cruz melezleri ilk sırada, bunu 4 adet ( % 21.05 ) ile Osmanlı x Tufts, 3 adet ( % 15.80 ) ile Cruz x Tioga, 2 adet ( % 10.52 ) ile Tioga x Yalova-104, 2 adet ( % 10.52 ) ile Osmanlı x Yalova-104 ve 1 adet ( % 5.26 ) ile Tioga x Cruz dölleri izlemektedir. Döller arasında en fazla seçilen ümitvar tip Tufts x Cruz melezlemesinden elde edilen bitkiler arasından seçilmiştir. Geriye melezleme sonucu elde edilen tiplerin sayısının az olmasına karşılık, bitki ve meyve özellikleri bakımından daha üstün oldukları görülmüştür. Geriye melezlemeler sonucu elde edilen, 92.18.5 ve 92.82.5 nolu tipler en iyiler arasındadır ve 92.18.5 nolu tipten en yüksek verim elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen tiplerin olgunluk dönemleri dikkate alındığında, tipler arasında genellikle ilk hasat tarihlerinin çok fazla farklılık göstermediği, ancak büyük farklılığın hasadın en fazla yapıldığı tarih, erkenci ile en geççi tipler arasında 8-12 gün fark etmiştir. Seçilen tipler içerisinde; 15 mayıs tarihinde olgunlaşan 92.2.1 nolu tip en erkenci, 28 mayıs tarihinde olgunlaşan 92.4.1 nolu tip ise en geççi çeşit adayları olmuştur. Standart çeşitlerde ise en erken olarak 16 mayıs tarihinde olgunlaşan Pocahontas çeşidi, en geççi olarakta 22 mayıs tarihinde olgunlaşan Tioga çeşidi olmuştur.Osmanlı çileğinin kuvvetli gelişen ve yayvan büyüyen bitki özelliği, morfolojik erkek kısırlığı, meyvenin küçük veya orta irilikte, yumuşak, kokulu ve veriminin az olması gibi özellikleri, elde edilen döllerde de büyük oranda görülmüştür. Ancak Osmanlı melezleri içerisinde verim ve meyve kalitesi bakımından Osmanlı çeşidinden daha iyi olan 92.42.7 nolu tipe ait meyvelerin daha sert ve Osmanlı çileğinin aynı koku ve tadına sahip olması nedeniyle bu tip ilerisi için ümitli görülmektedir. Melezlemeler sonucu elde edilen yaklaşık 10.000 adet hibrid bitki içerisinden ümitvar olarak seçilen 66 tip, standart çeşitlerden Chandler, Douglas, Tioga, Tufts, Pocahontas ve 216 ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan seleksiyon çalışmaları sonucunda, 66 tip içerisinden seçilen 19 tip, yeni çeşit adayları olarak oldukça ümitli görülmektedir.
Recently, the demand of high quality table as well as processing cultivars of strawberries has increased sharply. In order to obtain new cultivars which are resistant to transport with high flesh firmness and also suitable for table or deep freezing, Osmanlı, Yalova- 104, Tioga, Cruz and Tufts cultivars, were crossed mutually. As a result of the study, cross-bred and back-cross types of strawberries were obtained. As the result of the study, some achenes were obtained from the crosses and these achenes were kept in the refrigerator, at +4 °C for three months, after that they were sown in boxes within sterilized perlit. As a result of the observation, the date of germination of achenes were found as different according to the cross lines. The earliest germination was obtained from Cruz x Yalova- 104 crosses achenes, they germinated 12 days after sowing. It is followed by Cruz x Tufts with 14 days, Tufts x Cruz and Osmanlı x Tufts with 16 days, Osmanlı x Tioga with 17 days, Tufts x Tioga with 18 days, Cruz x Tioga with 19 days, Tioga x Cruz with 22 days, Tioga x Yalova- 104 with 23 days and Osmanlı x Yalova- 104 with 28 days respectively. The number of cross-bred plants were different according to the cross lines. The differences between the crosses according to the used parents, were differed significantly. The selected 19 variety candidates cames from the used parents as follows; 7 from Tufts x Cruz ( 36.85 % ), 4 from Osmanlı x Tufts ( 21.05 % ), 3 from Cruz x Tioga ( 15.80 % ), 2 from Tioga x Yalova-104 ( 10.52 % ) and 1 from Tioga x Cruz ( 5.26 % ) respectively. The most selected cross-bred plants were obtained from Tufts x Cruz crosses. Although the number of cross-bred obtained from back-crosses were less, they showed that the higher fruit and plant characteristics. Especially, 92.18.5 and 92.82.5 types of cross-bred were found as most promising types. The highest yield were obtained from the 92.18.5 In general, there was not important difference in the first harvest between the selected types based on ripening time. However, in the optimum harvest time there was a-8-12-day difference between the earliest and the latest types. The earliest type (92.2.1) was harwested at 15th May whereas the latest type ( 92.4. 1 ) was harvested at 28th May. In the standart varieties, the earliest Pocahontas was harwested at 16th May, the latest Tioga was harwested at 22th May.IV Most of the Osmanlı crosses had shown the same characteristics like Osmanlı such as vigorous and spreading habit of plant, morphological male sterile, small fruit and low yield. But one of them ( 92.42.7) has higher yield and flesh firmness than Osmanlı and there for it was found promising for the future breeding programs. In the breeding programs of Osmanlı, Yalova- 104, Tufts, Cruz and Tioga were used and almost 10.000 hybrids were obtained from the crosses. Then 66 promising types were selected from 10.000 hybrid. This cross-bred were compared with Chandler, Douglas, Tioga, Tufts, Pocahontas and 216 cultivars. Finally 19 types were selected out of 66, as promising variety candidates.
Recently, the demand of high quality table as well as processing cultivars of strawberries has increased sharply. In order to obtain new cultivars which are resistant to transport with high flesh firmness and also suitable for table or deep freezing, Osmanlı, Yalova- 104, Tioga, Cruz and Tufts cultivars, were crossed mutually. As a result of the study, cross-bred and back-cross types of strawberries were obtained. As the result of the study, some achenes were obtained from the crosses and these achenes were kept in the refrigerator, at +4 °C for three months, after that they were sown in boxes within sterilized perlit. As a result of the observation, the date of germination of achenes were found as different according to the cross lines. The earliest germination was obtained from Cruz x Yalova- 104 crosses achenes, they germinated 12 days after sowing. It is followed by Cruz x Tufts with 14 days, Tufts x Cruz and Osmanlı x Tufts with 16 days, Osmanlı x Tioga with 17 days, Tufts x Tioga with 18 days, Cruz x Tioga with 19 days, Tioga x Cruz with 22 days, Tioga x Yalova- 104 with 23 days and Osmanlı x Yalova- 104 with 28 days respectively. The number of cross-bred plants were different according to the cross lines. The differences between the crosses according to the used parents, were differed significantly. The selected 19 variety candidates cames from the used parents as follows; 7 from Tufts x Cruz ( 36.85 % ), 4 from Osmanlı x Tufts ( 21.05 % ), 3 from Cruz x Tioga ( 15.80 % ), 2 from Tioga x Yalova-104 ( 10.52 % ) and 1 from Tioga x Cruz ( 5.26 % ) respectively. The most selected cross-bred plants were obtained from Tufts x Cruz crosses. Although the number of cross-bred obtained from back-crosses were less, they showed that the higher fruit and plant characteristics. Especially, 92.18.5 and 92.82.5 types of cross-bred were found as most promising types. The highest yield were obtained from the 92.18.5 In general, there was not important difference in the first harvest between the selected types based on ripening time. However, in the optimum harvest time there was a-8-12-day difference between the earliest and the latest types. The earliest type (92.2.1) was harwested at 15th May whereas the latest type ( 92.4. 1 ) was harvested at 28th May. In the standart varieties, the earliest Pocahontas was harwested at 16th May, the latest Tioga was harwested at 22th May.IV Most of the Osmanlı crosses had shown the same characteristics like Osmanlı such as vigorous and spreading habit of plant, morphological male sterile, small fruit and low yield. But one of them ( 92.42.7) has higher yield and flesh firmness than Osmanlı and there for it was found promising for the future breeding programs. In the breeding programs of Osmanlı, Yalova- 104, Tufts, Cruz and Tioga were used and almost 10.000 hybrids were obtained from the crosses. Then 66 promising types were selected from 10.000 hybrid. This cross-bred were compared with Chandler, Douglas, Tioga, Tufts, Pocahontas and 216 cultivars. Finally 19 types were selected out of 66, as promising variety candidates.
Description
Keywords
Çilek ıslahı, Fragaria x ananassa duch, Melezleme ıslahı, Kalite özellikleri, Strawberry breeding, Cross breeding, Quality characteristics
Citation
Erenoğlu, B. (1998). Melezleme ile elde edilen çiçeklerde verim ve kalite farklılıkları üzerinde araştırmalar. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.