Bilimin özerkliği ve bilim-devlet ilişkileri
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Date
2013-02-20
Authors
Damak, Hüseyin
Journal Title
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Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Bilimin özerkliği iddiası objektivist bir iddiadır. Bu iddia, ortodoks bilim görüşünün bilimin doğasına, statüsüne ve konumuna ilişkin öne sürdüğü tezlerin reel dünyadaki yansımasıdır. Bilimin özerkliği fikri ilhamını bilimin zaman, mekan ve toplum üstü bir faaliyet olduğuna ilişkin inançların genel bir ifadesi olan ortodoks bilim görüşünden almıştır. Bilimi, objektivite fikri ile onu icra edenlerden koparan ortodoks bilim görüşü özerklik fikri ile toplumdan da koparmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu inanca göre bilim hem bir faaliyet olarak hem de bir kurum olarak her türlü etkiden uzaktır ve özerk bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu fikirlerden hareketle üç bölümden oluşan bu çalışmanın ilk bölmünde objektivite fikrini anlamaya çalıştık. Bu amaçla kavramın detaylı bir etimolojisini yaparak, kavramın anlamının zaman içinde nasıl bir dönüşüme uğradığını, nelere göndermede bulunduğunu ve bilimle ilişkisini göstermeyi denedik. İkinci bölümde bilimin özellikle Soğuk Savaş döneminde devletle, orduyla, şirketlerle kurduğu ilişkilerden hareketle bilime ilişkin objektivist iddiaların reel değil ideal ya da yalnızca bir inanç olduğunu iddia ettik. Üçüncü ve son bölümde ise bu objektivist iddiaların ve özerklik fikrinin dayandığı temelleri sorguladık. Varılan noktada sosyal dünyadan koparılamayacağı anlaşılan bilimin, yüzyılımızda ortaya çıkan ve hem acil çözümler bekleyen hem de üzerinde ciddi etik tartışmalar olan büyük problemler karşısında nasıl faaliyet göstermesi gerektiğine ilişkin bir tartışma yürüttük. Ve yapılan bütün tartışmalarda temel hedefimiz hayatımızın her alanını etkileyen bilim olgusuna daha reel bir yaklaşım getirmekti. Bu çaba insanlığın bugünü ve geleceği açısından anlamlı bir çabaydı.
It is an objectivist assertion that science is autonomous. The assertion is a reflection of the thesis relevant to nature, status and position of science propounded by orthodox science thought in real world. The idea of autonomy of science acquired its inspiration from orthodox science thought that is a general expression of the beliefs that science is an activity independent from time, place and society. Orthodox science thought that separates science from those who execute it by means of the idea of objectivity also separates it from the society by means of the idea of autonomy. Consequently, according to this belief, the science, as both an activity and as an institution, is exempt from all kinds of effects and posses an autonomous structure. From these approaches forth, in first chapter of the study that consists of three chapters, we try to explain the idea of objectivity. For this purpose, by etymologising in detailed manner, we try to show how the meaning of the notion transforms in due course, to what it refers and its relation with science. In second chapter, by using of the relationship that science establish with state, army and companies specially in cold war era, we claim that the objectivist assertions relevant to science is not real but ideal or just a belief. In final chapter, we interrogate the fundamentals of the objectivist assertion and the idea of autonomy. In the point we concluded, we run a discussion on how the science, that it is understood that it can not be seperated from the earth, deal with the great problems, emerged in our century, both which looks for immediate solution and on which there are ethical problems. And our main objective in all discussions is to bring a more real approach to the phenomenon of science that effects all fields of our lives. In the sense of now and future of mankind, this endeavor is a meaningful attempt.
It is an objectivist assertion that science is autonomous. The assertion is a reflection of the thesis relevant to nature, status and position of science propounded by orthodox science thought in real world. The idea of autonomy of science acquired its inspiration from orthodox science thought that is a general expression of the beliefs that science is an activity independent from time, place and society. Orthodox science thought that separates science from those who execute it by means of the idea of objectivity also separates it from the society by means of the idea of autonomy. Consequently, according to this belief, the science, as both an activity and as an institution, is exempt from all kinds of effects and posses an autonomous structure. From these approaches forth, in first chapter of the study that consists of three chapters, we try to explain the idea of objectivity. For this purpose, by etymologising in detailed manner, we try to show how the meaning of the notion transforms in due course, to what it refers and its relation with science. In second chapter, by using of the relationship that science establish with state, army and companies specially in cold war era, we claim that the objectivist assertions relevant to science is not real but ideal or just a belief. In final chapter, we interrogate the fundamentals of the objectivist assertion and the idea of autonomy. In the point we concluded, we run a discussion on how the science, that it is understood that it can not be seperated from the earth, deal with the great problems, emerged in our century, both which looks for immediate solution and on which there are ethical problems. And our main objective in all discussions is to bring a more real approach to the phenomenon of science that effects all fields of our lives. In the sense of now and future of mankind, this endeavor is a meaningful attempt.
Description
Keywords
Bilim, Objektivizm, Özerklik, Bilim-devlet, Özne-nesne, Science, Objectivism, Autonomy, Science-state, Subject-object
Citation
Damak, H. (2013). Bilimin özerkliği ve bilim-devlet ilişkileri. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.