Bertrand Russell ve din
Loading...
Date
2006
Authors
Kisli, Gülsen
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Russell Kilise’nin tutumundan hayatı boyunca son derece rahatsız olmuştur. Özellikle insanların özgürlüklerine müdahale edilmesi acımasızca ve adeta işkence mahiyetinde cezaların uygulanması dine karşı bir antipati geliştirmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu açıdan bakıldığında ona hak vermemek imkansızdır. Çünkü çevresinde gördüğü tüm haksızlıkların kaynağı dine atfedilmekteydi. Bu yüzden de Russell dini yadsıdığında bu haksızlıkları da ortadan kaldıracağını düşünmüştür. Ancak Russell’ın din hakkındaki görüşlerini şekillendirirken ihmal ettiği en önemli nokta mevcut olduğu çevredeki din uygulamalarını dine hatta bütün dinlere mal etmesidir. Ayrıca Russell bir taraftan Tanrı’nın varlığını ispatlama konusunda agnostik olduğunu söylerken diğer taraftan Tanrı’nın varlığının ispatlanamayacağı yönünde görüş belirtmeyi tercih etmiştir. Bu da onun çelişkili yönlerinden biridir. Russell’ın din inancının kaynağı olarak korku, nefret, adalet gibi duyguları dile getirmesi de dine karşı aldığı olumsuz tavrı göstermektedir. Ancak tüm insanların bu sebeplerden dolayı dine inanması fikri tutarlı bir fikir değildir. İnsanların beklentileri, mizaçları, kişilikleri, yetenekleri, zekaları bir ve aynı değildir. Dolayısıyla din inancının beklentisinin ve tahayyülünün de bir ve aynı olmasını beklememek gerekir. Her ne kadar bazı insanlarda benzerlikler gösterse de bu temel bir dayanak teşkil edemez. Russell, ‘günah’ kavramı üzerinde önemle durmuş ve kendi anladığı manada günahın gereksiz acılara sebep olması gerektiğini halbuki Hristiyanlıktaki günah anlayışının daha çok gereksiz acılardan kaçmak olduğunu (kadınların doğum yaparken uyuşturucu kullanması) böylesi bir düzenin Tanrısı’na inanmaktansa tüm evreni tesadüfler sonucuna bağlamanın kendisi için daha dayanılır ve daha saygın olduğunu ifade etmektedir. Nitekim Russell evrenin tesadüfi bir şekilde meydana gelmesini muhatap olduğu dünya daki değerlerden yoksunluk sebebiyle öngörmektedir, çünkü evren biliçli bir amacın sonucu olsaydı güzelliklerle dolu olur ve ancak böyle bir dünya inanılası bir Tanrı kavramı oluşturabilirdi. O halde diyebiliriz ki, Russell’ın sorunu güzelliklerle dolu bir dünya da yaşamamış olmasıdır. O bir anlamda bu kadar rezaletin temelini tesadüfe bağlayalım, Tanrı’ya değil demektedir. Böyle bir durumda kendisinin kusursuz bir Tanrı kavramına inanması gerekmektedir. Bu kusursuz Tanrı’nın izdüşümlerine de hrıstiyan uygulamalarını layık görmemektedir. Aslında Russell’ın itirazı dine değil din adına yapılan haksızlıklıklara, zulumlere, savaşlara, dar görüşlü anlayışlaradır. Bunu içinde daima bilimsel araştırmacı bir tavrı savunmuş, her zaman yeni gelişmelere açık olmak gerektiğini ifade etmiştir
The reason Russel has an anthy paty deal with religior is meddle with freedoms of people and comied out fuilties like torture. If we think in this way, ıt is impossible not to think that he is tive. Because all of the injustices are related with the religions. For this reason Russell thought that all of the injustices would be abolished when he reject religion. The most important point that he cart think was, while he is forming his ideas about religion he carried out religious usage in his envinonment to the all religions. In addition to this while he says he is agnostic about existent of God he prefers the wiev about ewistent of God can’t be proued. This is one of his contradiction thinks. Russell think that source at the belief of religon is fear, disqust, and justice This idea shows that his negative attitude about religion. But the idea of all people belive the religion, becouse of these reasons is inconsistent. People’s expected event, habits abilities, intelligencen aren’t some with each others. So belief of religions can’t be same in all people. So mefimes this may be same befweer someores but this unit main cushion. Russell considers the importance of sin. He thought that sin is the reason of unnecessary pains. But, the meaning of sin in Christianity is escapin from unnecessary pains (Using narcotic during birth). These think show that he express the universe was happered the result of coincidence inslead of beliving creation at Gad. Oppasite of concept at sin in Christianity, attiitudes which resulls unnecessary pains are qualified sin in İslam. For example to carry out the behaviours which will finished the pains of the women who is giving birth hamed as a “sin”. In thaat silvation, with his awn words. Russel who is qualified asa an ateistis sinner in Christianity and as a result rat belive the Gaspel, would not be sinner in Islam and in other words would be belived the Koran and will be qualified as a teist. As a matler of fact Russell foresees the universe happened coincidencely because of the world which he live in deprived from worth. Because ıf the world was the result coincience aim. It was full of beauties and so concept of God could be happen in the world. So we can say that the problem of Russel doesn’t live in the world which is full of beauties. He says that all these disgrace are due to coincidence not from Gad. In this situation he had to belive concept of the God without defect. he says that this Gad without defect, is suitable for Christianity. In fact Rusell doesn’t object to religion. His objection sare in justices, wans, oppressions. Which was made name out religons. For this reason. He always defended scientific marrer and he told that. It is neccesory to be open all kind of scientific development.
The reason Russel has an anthy paty deal with religior is meddle with freedoms of people and comied out fuilties like torture. If we think in this way, ıt is impossible not to think that he is tive. Because all of the injustices are related with the religions. For this reason Russell thought that all of the injustices would be abolished when he reject religion. The most important point that he cart think was, while he is forming his ideas about religion he carried out religious usage in his envinonment to the all religions. In addition to this while he says he is agnostic about existent of God he prefers the wiev about ewistent of God can’t be proued. This is one of his contradiction thinks. Russell think that source at the belief of religon is fear, disqust, and justice This idea shows that his negative attitude about religion. But the idea of all people belive the religion, becouse of these reasons is inconsistent. People’s expected event, habits abilities, intelligencen aren’t some with each others. So belief of religions can’t be same in all people. So mefimes this may be same befweer someores but this unit main cushion. Russell considers the importance of sin. He thought that sin is the reason of unnecessary pains. But, the meaning of sin in Christianity is escapin from unnecessary pains (Using narcotic during birth). These think show that he express the universe was happered the result of coincidence inslead of beliving creation at Gad. Oppasite of concept at sin in Christianity, attiitudes which resulls unnecessary pains are qualified sin in İslam. For example to carry out the behaviours which will finished the pains of the women who is giving birth hamed as a “sin”. In thaat silvation, with his awn words. Russel who is qualified asa an ateistis sinner in Christianity and as a result rat belive the Gaspel, would not be sinner in Islam and in other words would be belived the Koran and will be qualified as a teist. As a matler of fact Russell foresees the universe happened coincidencely because of the world which he live in deprived from worth. Because ıf the world was the result coincience aim. It was full of beauties and so concept of God could be happen in the world. So we can say that the problem of Russel doesn’t live in the world which is full of beauties. He says that all these disgrace are due to coincidence not from Gad. In this situation he had to belive concept of the God without defect. he says that this Gad without defect, is suitable for Christianity. In fact Rusell doesn’t object to religion. His objection sare in justices, wans, oppressions. Which was made name out religons. For this reason. He always defended scientific marrer and he told that. It is neccesory to be open all kind of scientific development.
Description
Keywords
God, Russell, Morals, Belief, Logic, Tanrı, Ahlak, İnanç, Mantık
Citation
Kisli, G. (2006). Bertrand Russell ve din. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.