Atıksu arıtma tesislerinde mikroplastik gideriminin araştırılması
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Date
2022-12-26
Authors
Can, Tuğba
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi
Abstract
Son yıllarda hızla artan plastik üretimi ve bu malzemelerin her alanda kullanımına ek olarak plastik atıkların yetersiz yönetimi de plastik kirliliğinin dünyanın her yerinde yoğun şekilde görülmesine neden olmuştur. Makroplastiklerin fiziksel, biyolojik ve kimyasal parçalanması sonucunda oluşan ve temizlik ürünleri, kozmetik ürünleri, kişisel bakım ürünlerinden de kaynaklanan mikroplastik (MP) adı verilen parçacıklar deniz, göl, nehir, atmosfer, toprak gibi farklı çevresel ortamlarda tespit edilmiştir. Atıksu Arıtma Tesislerinin (AAT) sucul ve karasal ortamlar için önemli noktasal MP kaynağı olduğu bilinmektedir. AAT’de MP giderim verimleri yüksek olmasına karşın alıcı ortamlara deşarj edilen günlük çıkış atıksu miktarı göz önüne alındığında önemli miktarlarda MP salınımı söz konusudur. Bu çalışmada, Bursa'nın Gemlik ilçesi evsel atıksularının arıtıldığı AAT’nin farklı ünitelerinden 12 ay boyunca alınan atıksu ve çamur numunelerinde MP’lerin özellikleri incelenmiştir. Tesisin 7 farklı noktasından toplanan atıksu ve çamur numuneleri, organik ve inorganik giderme metotları ile farklı işlemlere tabi tutularak MP’ler numunelerden ayrılmıştır. MP’ler önce stereo mikroskop kullanılarak boyut, şekil, renk olarak sınıflandırılmış ve sayımı yapılmıştır. Ardından ATR-FTIR spektroskopi kullanılarak plastik türleri belirlenmiştir. AAT'nin giriş ve çıkış atıksuyundaki MP konsatrasyonu sırasıyla; 107.1±40.2 MP/L ve 4.1±1.1 MP/L’dir. Tesisin MP giderim verimi %96.17 olmasına rağmen Marmara Denizi’ne her gün yaklaşık olarak 74 825 000 MP deşarj edilmektedir. Çıkış atık çamurunda MP miktarı 14.3±7.1 MP/g’dır. AAT'de oluşan günlük çamur miktarı 22 ton/gün ve atık çamurda biriken MP miktarı 314 600 000 MP/gün, yıllık biriken miktar ise yaklaşık 1.15 × 10 11 MP olarak hesaplanmıştır. Atıksu ve çamur numunelerinde şekil, boyut, renk ve türde sırasıyla; lif şeklinde, 1-0.5 mm boyutunda, siyah ve şeffaf renkli ve PE, PP, PET türünde MP’ler baskın özellikte olanlar olarak belirlenmiştir.
In addition to the rapidly increasing production of plastics in recent years and the use of these materials in every field, inadequate management of plastic wastes has caused plastic pollution to be seen intensively all over the world. Microplastic (MP) particles, which are formed as a result of the physical, biological and chemical breakdown of macroplastics and also originate from cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products, have been detected in different environmental environments such as sea, lake, river, atmosphere and soil. Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) are known to be important point sources of MP for aquatic and terrestrial environments. Although MP removal efficiencies are high in WWTPs, there is a significant amount of MP release considering the daily amount of effluent discharged to receiving environments. In this study, the properties of MPs in wastewater and sludge samples taken from different units of WWTP in Gemlik district of Bursa during 12 months were investigated. Wastewater and sludge samples collected from 7 different points of the plant were subjected to different treatments with organic and inorganic removal methods and MPs were separated from the samples. MPs were first classified in terms of size, shape, color and counted using a stereo microscope. Then, plastic types were determined using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The MP concentration in the influent and effluent of the WWTP was 107.1±40.2 MP/L and 4.1±1.1 MP/L, respectively. Although the MP removal efficiency of the plant is 96.17%, approximately 74 825 000 MP is discharged into the Marmara Sea every day. The amount of MP in the effluent sludge is 14.3±7.1 MP/g. The daily amount of sludge generated in the WWTP is 22 tons/day and the amount of MP accumulated in the waste sludge is 314 600 000 MP/day and the annual accumulated amount is calculated as approximately 1.15 × 10 11 MP. In the wastewater and sludge samples, the predominant MPs in terms of shape, size, color and type were determined as fiber shaped, 1-0.5 mm in size, black and transparent colored and PE, PP, PET types, respectively.
In addition to the rapidly increasing production of plastics in recent years and the use of these materials in every field, inadequate management of plastic wastes has caused plastic pollution to be seen intensively all over the world. Microplastic (MP) particles, which are formed as a result of the physical, biological and chemical breakdown of macroplastics and also originate from cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products, have been detected in different environmental environments such as sea, lake, river, atmosphere and soil. Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) are known to be important point sources of MP for aquatic and terrestrial environments. Although MP removal efficiencies are high in WWTPs, there is a significant amount of MP release considering the daily amount of effluent discharged to receiving environments. In this study, the properties of MPs in wastewater and sludge samples taken from different units of WWTP in Gemlik district of Bursa during 12 months were investigated. Wastewater and sludge samples collected from 7 different points of the plant were subjected to different treatments with organic and inorganic removal methods and MPs were separated from the samples. MPs were first classified in terms of size, shape, color and counted using a stereo microscope. Then, plastic types were determined using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The MP concentration in the influent and effluent of the WWTP was 107.1±40.2 MP/L and 4.1±1.1 MP/L, respectively. Although the MP removal efficiency of the plant is 96.17%, approximately 74 825 000 MP is discharged into the Marmara Sea every day. The amount of MP in the effluent sludge is 14.3±7.1 MP/g. The daily amount of sludge generated in the WWTP is 22 tons/day and the amount of MP accumulated in the waste sludge is 314 600 000 MP/day and the annual accumulated amount is calculated as approximately 1.15 × 10 11 MP. In the wastewater and sludge samples, the predominant MPs in terms of shape, size, color and type were determined as fiber shaped, 1-0.5 mm in size, black and transparent colored and PE, PP, PET types, respectively.
Description
Keywords
Mikroplastik, Atıksu arıtma tesisi, Giderim verimi, Mikroplastik karakterizasyonu, Microplastic, Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), Removal efficiency, Microplastic characterization
Citation
Can, T. (2022). Atıksu arıtma tesislerinde mikroplastik gideriminin araştırılması. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.